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Understanding the Federal and State Judicial Systems: Key Differences and Civil Rights

This brief overview explores the roles of federal and state courts within the U.S. judicial system. Federal courts handle cases related to federal law, such as constitutional issues and federal crimes, while most cases originate in state systems. It discusses the significance of jury duty, civil rights, and examples of civil court cases, including lawsuits between individuals. Additionally, constitutional law is highlighted, particularly regarding interactions between the government and citizens. Understand key amendments and landmark Supreme Court decisions that shape our legal landscape.

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Understanding the Federal and State Judicial Systems: Key Differences and Civil Rights

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  1. The Judiciary The unelected branch

  2. Federal courts hear federal cases • Criminal & civil • Most cases originate in the State system • Jury duty is usually for state cases • Federal Laws often concern business (commerce clause) Federal and State System

  3. Concerns federal law • Ex: it is against the law to transport or sell stolen animals. • Trumps state laws • Ex: medical marij. Laws v. sched. 1 drug • Most common route: Federal Court System

  4. Concerns the Constitution • Predominantly about how the government interacts • with citizens (civil rights) • Among the different branches • What is an example of a civil right? • When Richard Nixon wanted to keep his tapes secret, what aspect of the Constitution was he invoking? Constitutional Law

  5. Would the U.S. Supreme Court have original jurisdiction in a case that involves a student suing University of Texas for using race-based criteria in admissions? Explain. • Give an example of a scenario that would lead to a civil court case. Check IN

  6. Two parties (groups or individual/not gov’t vs. ______) • Penalties are fines or other compensation • Example: I sue my neighbor for negligence when his car rolls into the side of my house. Civil Law

  7. Gov’t accusing a citizen • Amendments 5, 6, 7 & 8 apply • 14th Amendment extended Bill of Rights to state cases Criminal Law

  8. Weight of law • Used as precedent • Majority opinion • Dissenting opinion Court Decisions

  9. Go to Oyez.org and search for Supreme Court decisions regarding 4th Amendment protections. (Use cases betw. 2000 and 2013) • Find 2 cases • Paraphrase the situation that led to the case • Describe the ruling • Give the final vote of the justices Homework Assignment(Prep for West Wing Episode)

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