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Ovarian and Uterine Cycles: Folliculogenesis to Menopause

Learn the cyclical events in the ovary and uterine endometrium, changes due to female hormones, and applied aspects. Explore ovarian follicle development stages, ovulatory processes, and uterine histology. Understand how the corpus luteum functions and the menstrual cycle. Discover the physiological changes in ovaries, endometrium, cervix, vagina, breasts, and the body-mind connection.

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Ovarian and Uterine Cycles: Folliculogenesis to Menopause

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  1. OVARIAN and uterine cycles By Dr ShivramBhat

  2. questions • Primordial follicle ( Short Answer) • Primary follicle ( SA) • Secondary follicles ( SA) • Tertiary follicle ( SA) • Graafian follicle - diagram ( SA) • Corpus luteum ( SA) • Corpus albicans ( SA) • Folliculogenesis ( Short essay) • Graafian follicle (SE)

  3. Female sexual cycles • Birth – Puberty • Menarche – Menopause • Post menopause

  4. Ovarian cycle Uterine cycle contents

  5. Learning objectives • To learn about cyclical events occurring in ovary leading to folliculogenesis • To learn about cyclical events seen in uterine endometrium. • To know about other changes occurring due to female hormones • To know about some of the applied aspects

  6. Physiological changes in • Ovaries • Endometrium • Cervix • Vagina • Breasts • Body and Mind

  7. hormones

  8. Ovarian cycle

  9. Ovarian follicles • Each follicle consists of an immature egg called an oocyte • Cells around the oocyte are called: • Follicle cells (one cell layer thick) • Stimulated to mature by FSH from the pituitary gland • Granulosa cells (when more than one layer is present) • Thecal cells: Cells in the ovarian stroma • Thecal & granulosa cells work together to produce estrogen • A protective layer of glycoprotein forms around the egg called the zona pellucida

  10. Follicle Development • Primordial follicle: one layer of squamous-like follicle cells surrounds the oocyte • Primary follicle: two or more layers of cuboidal granulosa cells enclose the oocyte • Secondary follicle: has a fluid-filled space between granulosa cells that coalesces to form a central antrum • Graafian follicle: secondary follicle at its most mature stage that bulges from the surface of the ovary • Corpus luteum : ruptured follicle after ovulation

  11. Ovary Histology

  12. Ovary Histology

  13. Primary Follicle 1° Oocyte(arrested in prophase I) Nucleus Primordial follicle Zona pellucida Thecal cells Granulosa cells

  14. Secondary Follicle Fluid-filled antrum

  15. Graafian Follicle Fluid filled antrum Oocyte 2° Granulosa cells Stalk Corona radiata Zona pellucida

  16. Corpus luteum • After ovulation, the remains of the follicle are transformed into a structure called the corpus luteum. • If a pregnancy occurs, it produces progesterone to maintain the wall of the uterus during the early period of development.

  17. Corpus albicans • If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum will begin to break down about 2 weeks after ovulation. • Degeneration occurs when fibroblasts enter the corpus luteum and a clump of scar tissue forms called the corpus albicans.

  18. Ovarian Cycle • Monthly changes that occur in the ovary during a woman’s reproductive life. • Each month FSH stimulates primordial follicles to grow and mature (follicular phase) • Ovulation- release of the egg (LH) • Luteal phase the corpus luteum produces progesterone that maintains uterine walls If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, within 2 weeks into a mass of scar tissue called the corpus albicans

  19. folliculogenesis

  20. Graafian follicle

  21. Graafian follicle

  22. Uterine cycle

  23. Uterus

  24. Uterine Histology • Endometrium • Simple columnar epithelium • Stroma of connective tissue and endometrial glands • Stratum functionalis: Shed during menstruation • Stratum basalis: Replaces stratum functionalis each month • Myometrium • 3 layers of smooth muscle • Perimetrium • Visceral peritoneum

  25. Uterine Histology

  26. Endometrium Simple columnar epithelium Endometrial glands

  27. Endometrium • Proliferative phase: glands and blood vessels scattered throughout the functional zone with little or no branching. • New glands form and endometrium thickens. • Secretory phase: glands are enlarged and have branches. Preparing the endometrium for implantation • If no implantation then endometrium breaks down and menstruation begins.

  28. Uterine/ menstrual cycle

  29. Ovarian and Uterine Cycles

  30. Hormones and cycles

  31. Other changes • Cervix • Vagina • Breasts • Body and MIND

  32. Endocervical canal Fornix

  33. Applied embryology • Determination of ovulation • Mittelschmerz • Anovulatory cycles • Amenorrhoea • Menorrhagia • Oligomenorrhoea • Metrorrhagia • Dysmenorrhoea

  34. Basal Body temperature

  35. Palm leaf pattern

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