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Enigma Machine: History and Breaking the Code

Discover the origin and evolution of the Enigma machine, a cipher device used for secure communication. Learn how the code was broken during World War II and explore its military applications. Dive into the workings of the Enigma and its significance in the history of encryption.

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Enigma Machine: History and Breaking the Code

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  1. Enigma Machine

  2. Origin of the Enigma • Beginning the 1900’s came with a rise of wireless communication which followed by a need of secure communication. • 1917-Edward Hugh Hebern developed the cipher machine with rotating disks which became the base of several other designs. • Was not bought from the Germans until 1926, and it was modified to contain five disk rotors.

  3. Breaking the Code • In 1928, the Polish intercepted an Enigma being sent to the German embassy. • During the winter of 1932, a Polish cryptanalyst working for the Cipher Bureau for Polish Intelligence mathematically figured out the wiring of the first rotor. • During the course of the war codebooks were intercepted which helped to decode new rotors added to the enigma.

  4. How the Enigma Works • Used to decrypt and encrypt secret messages. • E = P(ρiRρ − i)(ρjMρ − j)(ρkLρ − k)U(ρkL − 1ρ − k)(ρjM − 1ρ − j)(ρiR − 1ρ − i)P − 1 • Designed to defeat basic cryptanalysis techniques by constantly changing the alphabet sequence.

  5. Military Uses • In 1934, the German Navy attached the enigma to a secure plug board and extended the rotors to eight. • Although considered still unbreakable by others, Admiral Karl Dönitz thought it could still be improved. • The Germans overall manufactured 100,000 machines.

  6. Simulator • http://homepages.tesco.net/~andycarlson/enigma/enigma_j.html

  7. The End

  8. References • http://russells.freeshell.org/enigma/history.html • http://users.telenet.be/d.rijmenants/en/enigma.htm • http://www.enigmahistory.org/enigma.html

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