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The Human Skeleton and Muscles

Discover the intricate system of bones and muscles in the human body, including the 206 bones, functions of the skeletal system, types of bones (compact, spongy), marrow, axial and appendicular skeleton, and various joint types. Learn how muscles work and their structure.

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The Human Skeleton and Muscles

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  1. Bones & Muscles

  2. How many bones does the human skeleton contain?

  3. 206

  4. Functions of the skeletal system • Give shape & support • Protect internal organs • Moves muscles • Form blood cells • Store calcium and phosphorous

  5. Bone Cross Section Periosteum: soft, thin, covers and protects the bone Compact Bone: Hard, outer surface. Can heal itself when broken Spongy Bone: Porous, contains blood vessels, nerves Marrow: manufactures red blood cells

  6. Skeletal System is divided into two parts

  7. Axial Skeleton • Skull (protects the brain). • Ribs ( protect lungs, and heart). • Spinal column (houses and protects the spinal cord).

  8. Appendicular Skeleton • Legs • Pelvis • Arms • Shoulders

  9. Types of Joints • Immovable • Skull • Pelvis • Moveable • Pivot • Ball & socket • Hinge • Gliding

  10. http://www.nhfyouthworld.org/junior/mayjun/skeleton.jpg

  11. Types of Joints • Ball and Socket Joint • Bone with a rounded end that fits into a cuplike cavity on another bone http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

  12. Ball & Socket: Shoulders and Hips • Allows arms and hips to move in any direction • Can move in a full 360 degrees

  13. Types of Joints • Pivot Joint • One bone rotates in a ring of another bone that does not move http://www.funhousefilms.com/b-pivot2.jpg

  14. Pivot Joints: First two neck vertebrae & joint beneath elbow • Moves in a semicircle motion by twisting against each other

  15. Types of Joints • Hinge Joint • Back-and-forth movement like hinges on a door http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

  16. Hinged: Elbows & Knees • Move like hinges on a door • Limited movement • Can only swing back and forth

  17. Type of Joints • Gliding Joint • One part of a bone slides over another bone http://www.shockfamily.net/skeleton/JOINTS.HTML

  18. Gliding Joints: Spine, Wrists, Ankles • Slide against each other in a gliding motion • Gives your wrists and ankles lots of freedom

  19. Immoveable joints are located in the skull and pelvis.

  20. http://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpghttp://www.lifesci.utexas.edu/faculty/sjasper/images/john21.19.jpg

  21. http://www.bio.psu.edu/

  22. http://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpghttp://www.bmb.psu.edu/courses/bisci004a/tissues/skeletal.jpg

  23. http://www.bio.psu.edu/

  24. http://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissueCardiac.jpghttp://www.sc.edu/union/Sears/AnimalTissue/im.tissueCardiac.jpg

  25. http://www.bio.psu.edu/

  26. http://www.bmb.psu.edu

  27. How do muscles work

  28. http://www.sirinet.net/~jgjohnso/muscle.html

  29. Muscle Fiber Muscle Myofibril Inside a Muscle

  30. http://www.cytochemistry.net/microanatomy/muscle/smooth1.jpg

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