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Insect Classification

Insect Classification. Insects & Diseases. Remember the classification scheme?. K ingdom P hylum C lass > O rder F amily G enus S pecies. Approximately 30 orders. Most are insignificant and are only studied for scientific purposes. Non-Insect Pests. Mites Ticks Spiders

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Insect Classification

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  1. Insect Classification Insects & Diseases

  2. Remember the classification scheme? Kingdom Phylum Class > Order Family Genus Species

  3. Approximately 30 orders. • Most are insignificant and are only studied for scientific purposes.

  4. Non-Insect Pests • Mites • Ticks • Spiders • Mollusks (also spelled mollusc) • Snails • Slugs

  5. Coleoptera - Beetles • Largest number of species – 1 in 5 living creatures is a beetle! • Mostly CHEWING MOUTHPARTS • Complete Metamorphosis • Two pairs of wings • Front pair thick, hard, meet in a line • Back pair membranous, used for flight • Some of our best known pest species • Japanese beetle • white grub • weevils • rootworms

  6. Coleoptera (beetles)Greek “koleos”= sheath, “ptero”= wing

  7. Coleoptera (beetles) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts

  8. Coleoptera (beetles) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Forewings (elytra) form hard shell covering hindwings

  9. Lepidoptera – Butterflies & Moths • Variable size • Adults have 2 pairs of membranous wings covered with scales • Antennae usually knobbed, thread-like, or feathery • Complete metamorphosis • Mouthparts • Adults – lapping or sucking • Larvae – chewing

  10. Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing • Coiling-sucking mouthparts

  11. Lepidoptera (butterflies & moths)Greek “lepido”= scale, “ptero”= wing • Coiling-sucking mouthparts • Four wings covered with scales

  12. Many familiar friends and foes in Lepidoptera: • Caterpillars • Butterflies • Moths • Cutworms • Armyworms • Borers • Leafminers

  13. Diptera - Flies • One pair of wings • Halteres in place of hindwings • Piercing, sucking, sponging mouthparts • Complete metamorphosis • Larvae known as maggots • usually legless, many aquatic • Important econ. pest, disease vectors • Mosquitos, flies • Mostly beneficials for hort. crops

  14. Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing

  15. Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings

  16. Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings • Hind wings reduced to halteres

  17. Diptera (flies)Latin “di”= two, “ptero”= wing Spot ID • Two wings • Hind wings reduced to halteres • Sponging-sucking mouthparts • Except mosquitoes and some others that pierce skin

  18. Hymenoptera – Ants, Bees, & Wasps • Two pairs of wings or wingless • Antennae with 10 or more segments • Mouthparts chewing/lapping • Complete metamorphosis • Female ovipositor may be modified into stinger or saw-like structure • Many are colonial • Many harmful and beneficial species • bees, wasps, ants, sawflies

  19. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, & ants)Greek “hymen”=membrane, “ptero”=wing or Hymen, the Greek god of marriage because the forewing & hindwings are joined together with small hooks Hooks not shown

  20. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts

  21. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings

  22. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings • Waist often constricted

  23. Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, ants) Spot ID • Chewing mouthparts • Four membranous wings • Waist often constricted • Females with ovipositor or stinger at end of abdomen

  24. Hemiptera – True Bugs • Two pairs of wings usually present; flat over body when resting • Forewings with the basal portion thickened and leathery and the wingtip membranous • Hindwings entirely membranous • Piercing, sucking beak • Simple metamorphosis – juveniles (nymphs) resemble adults • Chinch bugs • Squash bugs • Box elder bugs

  25. Hemiptera (true bugs)Greek “hemi” = half, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts

  26. Hemiptera (true bugs)Greek “hemi” = half, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • A beak: piercing-sucking mouthparts • Forewings covering hindwings • Wing half membrane, half thickened

  27. Homoptera – Cicadas, Hoppers, Aphids, & Scale • Some consider this a suborder of Hemiptera • May or may not have wings • Some with wings held tent-like • Many are plant feeders • Piercing/sucking beak • Simple metamorphosis • Some bear live offspring (viviparity) • Can be very small

  28. Homoptera continued • Many important ornamental and greenhouse pests • Aphids • Whitefly • Scale • Leafhoppers • Cicadas • Mealybugs

  29. Diversity in Homoptera

  30. Other orders, classes, phyla • Class Insecta • Order Dermaptera – earwigs • Order Thrysanthoptera – thrips • Order Neuroptera – lacewings, mantids, ect. • Order Orthoptera – crickets, grasshoppers, roaches • Class Diplopoda – Millipedes • Class Chilopoda – Centipedes • Class Archnida • Order Acari • Ticks • Mites • Phylum Mollusca • Slugs • Snails Managed in same ways as insects

  31. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) Spot ID • Jumping hind legs

  32. Orthoptera (grasshoppers, crickets) Spot ID • Jumping hind legs • Some with ovipositor at hind end

  33. Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • Long skin-like hindwings folded under very short forewings

  34. Dermaptera (earwigs)Greek “derma” = skin, “ptero” = wing Spot ID • Long skin-like hindwings folded under very short forewings • Pinchers off end of abdomen

  35. The End

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