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課題 1

課題 1. ⇒ V  =  V W n W + V E n E. 溶液の体積を 1000 cm 3 とすると、 溶液の質量は? 水、エタノールの物質量は ?. 溶液の体積を  V = 1000 [cm 3 ] と仮定すると、 その質量は  1000 [cm 3 ]× 0.914 [g cm -3 ] = 914 [g] エタノール (C 2 H 5 OH) 、 水の質量 (H 2 O) の割合は 50% であり、 それぞれのモル質量は、 M E = 12.01×2 + 1.01×6 + 16.00 = 46.08 [g mol -1 ]

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課題 1

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  1. 課題 1 ⇒V = VWnW + VEnE 溶液の体積を 1000 cm3とすると、溶液の質量は? 水、エタノールの物質量は?

  2. 溶液の体積を V = 1000 [cm3] と仮定すると、 その質量は 1000 [cm3]× 0.914 [g cm-3] = 914 [g] エタノール(C2H5OH)、水の質量(H2O)の割合は 50% であり、 それぞれのモル質量は、ME = 12.01×2 + 1.01×6 + 16.00 = 46.08 [g mol-1] MW = 1.02×2 + 16.00 = 18.02 [g mol-1] である。 よって物質量はそれぞれ、  nE = 914×0.5 / 46.08 = 9.917 [mol] nW = 914×0.5 / 18.02 = 25.36 [mol] となる。                より、   VE = (V- VWnW) / nE = 56.33 [cm3 mol-1] V = VWnW + VEnE

  3. 課題 2 (P. 174演習)

  4. 質量1000[kg] の溶液中のアセトン (A, CH3COCH3), クロロホルム(C, CHCl3) の物質量を nC それぞれ nA [mol], nC [mol] とすると、         = 0.4693 [-] より、 nA = 1.131 nC nA +nC また、モル質量は  MA = 12.01×3 + 1.01×6 + 16.00 = 58.09[g mol-1] MC = 12.01 + 1.01 + 35.45×3 = 119.37 [g mol-1] MAnA+ MCnC= 58.09 nA+ 119.37 nC = 58.09×1.131nC + 119.37 nC = 185.06 nC = 1.000×103 [g] よって、  nC = 5.404 [mol],nA=6.111 [mol] 8 従って、 V= VAnA + VCnC= 74.166×6.111 + 80.235×5.404 = 886.76 [cm3]

  5. 質量1000[kg] の溶液中の液体A, 液体B の物質量を nA それぞれ nA [mol], nB [mol] とすると、         = 0.3713 [-] より、 nB = 1.693 nA nA +nB また、モル質量は  MA = 241.1[g mol-1], MB = 188.2 [g mol-1] MAnA+ MCnC= 241.1 nA+ 188.2 nB = 241.1nA + 188.2×1.693 nA = 559.77 nA = 1.000×103 [g] よって、  nA = 1.786 [mol],nB= 3.025 [mol] 4.0 従って、 V= VAnA + VBnB= 188.2×1.786 + 176.14×3.025 = 883.95 [cm3]

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