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La curva di apprendimento nel trattamento laparoscopico dei laparoceli

XXIV CONGRESSO NAZIONALE ACOI 25/28 Maggio 2005 - Montecatini Terme. La curva di apprendimento nel trattamento laparoscopico dei laparoceli. Divisione di Chirurgia Generale (Primario: Prof. Gianluigi Melotti) Ospedale Sant’Agostino Modena, Italia. Micaela Piccoli. Scuola Speciale ACOI

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La curva di apprendimento nel trattamento laparoscopico dei laparoceli

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  1. XXIV CONGRESSO NAZIONALE ACOI25/28 Maggio 2005 - Montecatini Terme La curva di apprendimento nel trattamento laparoscopico dei laparoceli Divisione di Chirurgia Generale (Primario: Prof. Gianluigi Melotti) Ospedale Sant’Agostino Modena, Italia Micaela Piccoli Scuola Speciale ACOI di Chirurgia laparoscopica e mini-invasiva (Direttore: Prof. Gianluigi Melotti) www.acoi.it

  2. CURVA DI APPRENDIMENTOLEARNING CURVE Learning curves are associated with the introduction of new procedures in medicine APRENDIMENTO INNOVAZIONE

  3. APPRENDIMENTO= acquisizione di conoscenza o abilità attraverso lo studio, l’istruzione e/o l’esperienza INNOVAZIONE= tutto ciò che introduce qualcosa di nuovo; porta dei cambiamentiin qualcosa di stabilito EURISTICO= si riferisce ad azioni che promuovono l’apprendimento attraverso la sperimentazione, trial ed errori

  4. MORBILITA’ E MORTALITA’ ACCETTABILI RELATIVAMENTE ALLA LEARNING CURVE DELLA METODICA MORBILITA’ E MORTALITA’ PIU ALTE NEI PRIMI DIECI CASI TRATTATI

  5. 2 1 3 Unit production time improve- ment follows a predicable pattern Unit production time improve- ment lessens over time Unit production time decreases with each iteration LEARNING CURVE THEOREMS

  6. Teams, not individuals are the fundamental learning units of modern organization Senge 1990 ISTITUTIONAL LEARNING GROUP LEARNING INDIVIDUAL LEARNING Both hospital volume and surgeon volume are significantly associated with in-hospital mortality and these differences persist for both high complexity and low complexity…procedures Loss of learning for an organization or institution is usually the result of staff turnover There is no interruption in the accumulation of experience but learning may atrophy when lenght periods of time elapse between successive units or (in medicine) patients. This has led to the raccomandation but not adoption of minimum standard for certains procedures

  7. LEARNING CURVE DELLA METODICA INDIVIDUAL LEARNING GROUP LEARNING ISTITUTIONAL LEARNING STUDI MULTICENTRICI,PROTOCOLLI, LINEE GUIDA Health Care Manage Rev, 2003, 28(1),43-56

  8. In the first 6 months… Dr Norwood performed 13 “Norwood procedures” and 11 children died. In the subsequent 6 months, 15 Norwood procedures were performed, but only 2 children died. 85% mortality 87% survival rate THE PEOPLE SUFFER WHILE THE SYSTEM IS LEARNING THIS IS NOT NECESSARILY AN ERROR OR SOMEONE’S FAULT BUT RATHER THE ESSENCE OF LEARNING Health Care Manage Rev, 2003, 28(1),43-56

  9. LEARNING CURVE IS ASYMPTOTIC MEANING THAT PERFECTION IS NEVER ATTAINABLE JD Waldman 2004

  10. Laparoscopic surgery of ventral hernias has proved to be an easy-to-performe technique and most surgeons have begun to use it before its efficiency has been demonstrated by appropriate randomised studies • This approach has modified the complications that can be expected after surgery. With the laparoscopic approach, the risk of visceral lesions and mortality might be higher as supposed before. The literature contains five cases of mortality (0,6%,1,1%,3,1%,3,4%) but the number of patients who progressed to sepsis and required intensive care was more than double. • Bowel injury and mortality show a significant tendency to decrease, as the surgeon’s experience increases, with the possibility of occurence falling to below 1% after 50 cases. • Visceral lesions are not exclusive to large defect or patients considered high risk. The risk does not appear to be predictable preoperatively Hernia (2004) 8:208-212

  11. A che punto è la curva di apprendimento delle metodica? • L’adesiolisi è il tempo più difficile dell’intervento. Le complicanze di questo step possono essere letali e vanno riconosciute con immediatezza • Le recidive • Le infezioni protesiche • Le protesi intraperitoneali • Il fissaggio della protesi • Le indicazioni

  12. LA CURVA DI APPRENDIMENTO INDIVIDUALE • E’ una procedura laparoscopica avanzata • Richiede un adeguato training: • Per porre le corrette indicazioni • Per utilizzare specifici materiali e strumenti • Per familiarizzare con la tecnica • Per prevenire, riconoscere e trattare le complicanze intra e postoperatorie.

  13. Quale educazione in chirurgia?Un inchiesta presso i residents dell’Ospedale Universitario di Strasburgo Internet e-learning Video Simulatori - robots Pratica clinica Fellowship Libri - Riviste Meetings Felloship is voted by plebiscite for learning surgery. The interest for new tecnologies of communication is more out of curiosity than necessity. Ann Chir 2004 Oct;129(8):395-8

  14. 19 Giugno 2000 I chirurghi potranno addestrasi con il computer e, in una serie di lezioni, cimentarsi con i casi che normalmente capitano in 10 anni di esperienza. Proprio come accade ai piloti con i simulatori di volo.

  15. SELEZIONE DEI PAZIENTI • SELEZIONE DEL PAZIENTE ADEGUATA ALL’ESPERIENZA DEL CHIRURGO • INIZIARE DA DIFETTI PICCOLI (4-5 CM) • LAPAROCELI PRIMITIVI, RIDUCIBILI • SEDE MEDIANA, MESOGASTRICA. • ERNIA OMBELICALE IN OBESO • ESTENDERE LE INDICAZIONI PROGRESSIVAMENTE (indicazioni ideali: diametro tra 4 e 10 cm, pazienti obesi, difetti plurimi)

  16. grazie!

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