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Gendering a State Plan: Learning from the practice at the National Level

Gendering a State Plan: Learning from the practice at the National Level. November 3, 2012 Bangalore. Devaki Jain and Deepshikha Batheja. Objective of the Consultation (1). Compliments to Government of Karnataka The 12 th FYP prepared by Deloitte is comprehensive

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Gendering a State Plan: Learning from the practice at the National Level

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  1. Gendering a State Plan: Learning from the practice at the National Level November 3, 2012 Bangalore Devaki Jain and DeepshikhaBatheja

  2. Objective of the Consultation (1) • Compliments to Government of Karnataka • The 12th FYP prepared by Deloitte is comprehensive • The purpose of this conference is to bring in professional expertise, on women’s location in the economy, and integrate this knowledge into the plan. • To draw up a guidelines document on “how to?” - Not “what?” with some illustrations of “change” • This will not only benefit women , but also ensure that the sectoral plan will be effective.

  3. Objective of the Consultation (2) • Such an exercise was attempted by the GOI Planning Commission during the 11th plan, and found to be useful. • Hence this attempt to share this experience with states like Karnataka, to make its plan not only inclusive of women but also economically and socially just. • In my presentation I would run over that central experience and hope that other colleagues by going into the sectors will further illustrate the value of such inputs, namely a gendered analysis of a sectoral plan.

  4. Differentiating from Gender Responsive Budgeting • This is different from gender responsive budgeting. • It is not about financial allocations, but about the reality of women’s roles in the economy, as well as a strong push to understand and enable women in the lower rungs of the social economy to benefit from the plan • Hence at the Centre we called it – • “Enabling the AamAurat: the Purpose of the Planning Process”

  5. An Illustration of the Change needed using the WCD Chapter prepared by Deloitte • In this chapter, after delineating the employment situation of women very well, the solution is given as SHGs and Micro credit! • This is the kind of trap women are put into. • The actual solution is to enhance their capability in agriculture, their wages and their organisation in home based work, their role in infrastructure, their role in export industries etc.

  6. Changing Views on Women -some milestones • 1951 to2007 Approach to women changed radically. • Moving from welfare and seeing women as targets to bringing them into mainstream development and finally empowerment of women • Changes in approach due to grassroots level movements and research from the women’s studies movement • Attempts basketed into Women and Child Development Chapter and funds transferred through women’s machineries. • Funds dramatically increased and many new schemes, but core was the social programme

  7. Women & the Five Year Plans 1951-1978 Moved from Welfare to Empowerment and Benefits:

  8. Women & the Five Year Plans 1980-2007

  9. The New Initiative • This learning and knowledge led to new ideas of integrating women’s location in the political economy; shifting them out of social sector basket. • The approach was to use the tools of the ‘enemy’ or the “other” • Group of feminist economists with specialized knowledge and connection with the women’s movement set up as a Feminist EconomistsCommittee, official recognized by the Planning Commission.

  10. The Mandate • To review and make suggestion on all sectoral Reports of their gender content • To examine and suggest how the “inclusive growth’ approach of the 11th plan can be translated into sectoral plans to promote gender equality • To suggest norms/guidelines to ensure gender perspective while formulating programmes across sectors. • To identify significant trends, for women in the economy and to suggest policy measures to integrate women • To look and suggest changes in the indicators that are used to assess progress • To look at and identify gaps in the present system of Data collection with special reference to gender related data

  11. A Committee with a Difference • Unpacking of concepts: ex. Eleventh Plan Approach Paper, titled “Towards Faster and More Inclusive Growth” • FEC definition of “inclusion” is as “agency” • Showed not enough to have women participating in terms of numbers • Or to look at “gender equity and mainstreaming” • Or seek mantras like “inclusive growth” and “safety nets” • These could inhibit initiatives that go beyond the stereotypical approach and seek to create advisories that tap women’s knowledge to enable poor women to walk out of poverty • Set out to rectify gaps in public policy inputs i.e women’s knowledge – The following slides focus on Four Sectors and

  12. The Plan aspires to increase agricultural growth but does not recognise that 75% of all women workers, 85% of rural women workers are in agriculture. More than 20% of rural households de facto female-headed. Many women manage farms without male support. Women are 40% of agricultural workforce & % rising. The face of agriculture is increasingly female Suggestion Achieving agricultural growth targets will depend on policies that increase efficiency of women farmers Women farmers need land titles, credit, infra structure support (technology, inputs, extension, marketing) Illustrations from Sectors Agriculture

  13. Small enterprises • Own account enterprises constitute 87% of informal enterprises and 73% of informal workers. • Only 12% are women proprietary enterprises, • Large proportion of women in all informal enterprises • Engage in trade and small manufacturing activities mainly on sub-contract basis. Suggestion To strengthen women operated enterprises - Improve access to credit and women friendly banking - Technology and skill training to improve productivity - Such inputs that are industry and region specific - Development of clusters with concentration of women

  14. Infrastructure Plan emphasizes large infrastructure like highways, ports, airports; 62% of slum dwellers do not have access to toilets, 25% of slum women and higher proportions of rural women to drinking water Tiny enterprises and slums are displaced to accommodate infrastructure projects---increasing dispossession and destroying livelihoods Suggestion for poor women infrastructure means drinking water, toilets and houses

  15. Financial Inclusion • Women and the poor increasingly excluded from formal sources of finance Savings: 60 % of total savings from informal sector which has minimal access to financial savings Credit to SBA has declined over the last ten years. In 2004 on average a Dalit woman received Rs 8 of bank credit compared to Rs 100 by a non-dalit, non Adivasi woman; And only Re 1 for every Rs 100 received by a non Dalit/ non Adivasi man

  16. …financial inclusion * Suggestion Providing savings services near work & home sites Increase all types of credit sources Increase access to insurance services Formulate pensions schemes aimed towards poor women (with co-contributions) Special financial literacy programmes for the poor and for women. Qualifying rider All services for women to be linked with other State initiated plans e.g. energy policy, drinking water policies

  17. Strengthening factual basis of gendering knowledge • Improved collection and presentation of women’s contribution to the economy • Women’s engagement within household/family and non-monetised contributions needs visibility • Data collecting agencies, need definitions and methods to tap women’s contributions and constraints • Conceptualising of plan and policies is limited by lack of gendered data on • Difference in regional characteristics • Cultural specificities • Contributions to Savings, Revenues

  18. Emerging from this experienceSteps on HOW TO? • Step one Identify  Scholars/researchers with specific knowledge based on 1)  own data i.e. special surveys they conducted 2)  understanding of official data 3)  awareness of the domain [health/education etc.] • Step two Compose a committee formal status, 1)hold many consultations to enable formation of “group”   2) get their ideas on process 3) identify their special subject expertise • Step Three ShareState/District knowledge • General  Depts. or state planning board or district development body to provide template • what is on the table, how far gone, where to go -Also Share    Actual departmental/sectoral “plans” backed by data

  19. ….Steps on HOW TO? • Step Four   RetrieveComments and knowledge from the working group     • Step Five Includein Sectoral chapters the information , and final report • Step Six Call conference of all departments,andthedivision  with the committee and then • Step Seven Adopt their recommendations for improved data collection, for change of focus etc

  20. Journey ahead • Inclusion : has to have a goal … and we suggest it should address solely and entirely the economic well being of the poorest – poor is word mostly associated with economic deprivation, though it has expanded in its meaning . • But for us Gandhisdaridranarayana , changed by me to Narayani , needs to be before our eyes as we design plans

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