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The Chemical Context of Life

This article delves into the chemical context of life, exploring definitions of matter, elements, compounds, and molecules. It discusses atomic structure, isotopes, and Chernobyl and Three Mile Island incidents. The text also covers electron shells, bonding types like covalent and ionic, and properties of water such as high specific heat and cohesion. Additionally, it touches on the pH scale, acid-base reactions, and buffers in the environment.

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The Chemical Context of Life

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  1. The Chemical Context of Life

  2. Definitions • Matter • Element • Essential • Trace • Molecule • Compound

  3. Definitions Molecule or Compound???? • Oxygen • NaCl or Water?

  4. Atom Structure • Protons • Neutrons • Electrons

  5. Periodic Table

  6. Atom Structure • Atomic number • Mass number • Atomic weight

  7. Isotopes • Radiometric Dating • Tracers

  8. Chernobyl • April 26 1986 • extensive parts of the western Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Northern Europe, and eastern North America • Nearly thirty to forty times more fallout was released than had been by the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki • Direct Deaths: 56

  9. Three Mile Island • March 28 1979 • partial core meltdown in Unit 2 of the nuclear power plant • release of a significant amount of radioactivity, an estimated 43,000 curies of radioactive krypton (1.59 PBq), but under 20 curies (740 GBq) of the particularly hazardous iodine-131, to the environment. • no deaths or injuries

  10. Hershey

  11. Microwaves

  12. Energy Levels

  13. Electron Shells

  14. Bonding • Covalent Bonding • Nonpolar • Polar • Ionic Bonding • Hydrogen Bonding • Van der Waals Interactions • Hydrophobic Interactions

  15. Nonpolar Covalent Bonds

  16. Polar Covalent Bonds

  17. Ionic Bonds • Cation • Anion

  18. Hydrogen Bonds

  19. Van der Waals • The weak bonds that exist between molecules but are masked by other stronger bonds. They are evident only in symmetrical molecules or at very low temperatures.

  20. Hydrophobic Interactions

  21. Water

  22. Water Structure • Polar Covalent Bonds • Hydrogen Bonds

  23. Water Properties Adhesion Cohesion Surface Tension

  24. Water Properties Surface Tension – Basilisk (Jesus) Lizard

  25. Water Properties

  26. Water Properties High Specific Heat

  27. Water Properties High Specific Heat

  28. Water Properties High Heat of Vaporization

  29. Water Properties Expands when freezing

  30. Water Properties • Universal Solvent

  31. Solutions • Solute + Solvent = Solution

  32. pH Scale • Acid • Base

  33. Richter Scale

  34. Acid Precipitation

  35. Acid Precipitation

  36. Acid Precipitation

  37. Ocean Acidification

  38. Buffers

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