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Chemical Reactions: The 5 Basic Classifications

Learn about the 5 basic classifications of chemical reactions - Synthesis, Decomposition, Combustion, Single Replacement, and Double Replacement. Explore general equations, examples, and a handy reaction checklist.

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Chemical Reactions: The 5 Basic Classifications

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  1. Chemical Reactions The 5 Basic Classifications

  2. SYNTHESIS • A reaction in which two or more reactants yield a single product. • Also called composition or combination • General Equation A + B  AB • EX: 2 Li + Se ---> Li2Se

  3. Decomposition Reaction One Reactant Breaking Down into two or more products General Equation AB ---> A + B Example: 2 HgO  2 Hg + O2

  4. What IsCombustion? • One or more reactants combine with oxygen releasing heat or light • Any combustion reaction must include the reactant oxygen, O2 • General Equation: A + O2 AO Example: 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

  5. Single Replacement • Sometimes called Displacement • One element replaces a similar element in a compound A + BX  AX + B 2 Na + 2 HOH ----> 2 NaOH + H2

  6. Double Replacement • Reaction that has the interchanging of two ions from two different compounds. • general form: AB + CD----> AD + CB • Example: Pb(NO3)2 + 2 KI ----> PbI2 + 2 KNO3

  7. Double Replacement • Equation consists of two reactants that have both a cation and anion. • During a reaction the cations (or anions) switch places. • The products usually consist of a precipitate.

  8. Reaction Checklist • 1) Is O2 a reactant? (combustion) • 2) One product? (synthesis) • 3) One reactant? (decomposition) • 4) Is an element being replaced? (single) • 5) 2 switches? (double) NEXT WEEK: STOICHIOMETRY!!!!

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