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Michael Frank 3/14/07

sleep, consciousness, and paper writing. Michael Frank 3/14/07. Today. Consciousness and sleep Quiz Brief review of paper writing. Sleep review. How many sleep stages? How are they measured?. Sleep stages. Stage 1: Hypnogogic sleep Stage 2: Sleep spindles Stages 3 & 4: Slow-wave sleep

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Michael Frank 3/14/07

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  1. sleep, consciousness, and paper writing Michael Frank 3/14/07

  2. Today • Consciousness and sleep • Quiz • Brief review of paper writing

  3. Sleep review • How many sleep stages? • How are they measured?

  4. Sleep stages • Stage 1: Hypnogogic sleep • Stage 2: Sleep spindles • Stages 3 & 4: Slow-wave sleep • REM sleep

  5. Sleep stages Kales and Kales. N. Engl. J. Med.1974;209:487-499

  6. Controlling sleep arousal

  7. Discussion: Consciousness & Sleep • Are we conscious during dreams (REM sleep)? • What is the function of REM sleep? • Why might sleep patterns change with age?

  8. Quiz • What are the two types of conditioning (bonus: what is the name of the researcher most associated with each technique) • What is latent learning? • If TV and video games make children violent, this is an example of what kind of learning? • What was the hardest question on the exam?

  9. Grades histogram

  10. Writing a critical review • Seems strange, but actually very common in science: • Read a variety of sources • Synthesize into an argument for or against • Paper should be about particular arguments, not opinions or personalities • No reference to own feelings • Very rare to use direct quotations • Not about personalities involved, just about theories/facts

  11. Paper structure • Thesis: Squirrels are evil. [argumentativeclaim] • Squirrels steal from other species • bird feeders [evidence] • picnics [evidence] • Squirrels do not act morally towards one another • Squirrels bite without provocation • Conclusion: Squirrels are definitely evil [restate thesis]. Should we eradicate them? [extend]

  12. The Road Map • Road map gives the reader a preview of the argument: • Signposts help the reader stay on track • “What is the moral status of squirrels? They steal from their own kind, they act immorally towards other species, and they bite without provocation. The evidence is clear: squirrels are evil.” • “Our second argument for squirrels’ immorality is...”

  13. Mechanics • Thesis in the first paragraph • No summary! • You can cite evidence for a specific point, but that’s different: [Starting a paragraph] Not so good:In his essay, Ronaldo writes that his hatred of squirrels started at an early age, when he saw one steal a sandwich from his brother. Better:Squirrels steal from both their own species and from humans. Ronaldo observes that squirrel-on-human crime is extremely prevalent in Northern California.

  14. Possible traps • Point-counterpoint • bad: john says this, but steve says the other thing • better: structure your argument around particular claims, not by evaluating the authors’ statements • Too much emphasis on “flow” • Arguments can be separate points • Numbering is useful for organization

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