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Chapter 12. Southeast Asia. Southwest Asia. Southwest Asia. Turkey. Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and second largest city. The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul. Istanbul is a major trading center because of its location. Istanbul is the only city located on two continents.
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Chapter 12 Southeast Asia
Turkey • Ankara is the capital city of Turkey and second largest city. • The largest city in Turkey is Istanbul. • Istanbul is a major trading center because of its location. • Istanbul is the only city located on two continents. • The most important industrial activities are oil refining and the making of textiles and clothing. • Turkey has a population of 71 million. • They are almost 100% Muslim. The official languages is Turkish, but they also speak Kurdish and Arabic.
Turkey (2) • The people of Turkey are both European and Asian. • The Pontic Mountains run through Northern Turkey. • The Taurus Mountains run through Southern Turkey. • Earthquakes are common in Turkey. • In the center of Turkey is Anatolia, a plateau region rimmed with mountains. • Most of Turkey experiences a mild steppe and Mediterranean climate.
Syria • Damascus is the capital city of Syria. • It has been a trading center for 4,000 years. • Syria is south of Turkey. • The Syrian desert lies to the east. • Agriculture is Syria’s main economic activity. • Oil is Syria’s main export. • Most Syrians are Muslim and speak Arabic.
Lebanon • Beirut is Lebanon’s capital and largest city. • Cedar trees grow in Lebanon; it is the most densely wooded country in Southwest Asia. • Most Lebanese work in service industries such as banking and insurance. • Lebanon was engaged in a civil war from 1975 to 1991. • It was between Christian and Muslim factions. • Arabic is the most popular language, but French is also an official language.
Jordan • Amman is the capital and largest city of Jordan. • Roman Ruins exist in this city. • Jordan lacks an adequate water supply and energy resources. • Jordan was ruled by the Ottoman Empire and then Britain. • They now have a constitutional monarchy.
Israel • The Negev Desert lies in South Israel, and occupies about half the country. • Tel Aviv-Yafo is Israel’s largest manufacturing city. • The capital city of Israel is Jerusalem. • Israel is the most industrialized country in Southwest Asia. • Economic development has been aided by the United States and European nations. • Mining and diamond cutting/polishing are major industries.
Israel (2) • The Dead Sea lies between Israel and Syria. • The Dead Sea is the lowest point on Earth. • The Dead Sea is the saltiest body of water on Earth. • Northern Israel has a Mediterranean climate and Southern Israel has a desert climate. • Using intricate irrigation techniques, Israelis can grow some crops in the desert. • About 80% of Israelis are Jewish. • After World War II, many Jews were dead or homeless because of the Holocaust. • The United Nations split Palestine into an Arab state and a Jewish state.
Gaza Strip and West Bank • The Gaza Strip and West Bank are Palestinian areas in Israel. • The West Bank lies on the western bank of the Jordan river and surrounds Jerusalem. • The Gaza Strip is located on the Mediterranean coast and shares a border with Egypt.
Saudi Arabia • Saudi Arabia is the largest country on the Arabian Peninsula and in Southwest Asia. • Rub’ al Khali is the largest desert in Saudi Arabia; it lies in the southeast. • Saudi Arabia has the largest oil reserves in the world.
Saudi Arabia (2) • The capital and largest city in Saudi Arabia is Riyadh; it is located on a large oasis. • The Saud family has ruled since 1932 as a monarchy. • The Islamic holy places of Mecca (Makkah) and Medina (Madinah) are huge Muslim tourist attractions.
Persian Gulf States:Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates
Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates • These 4 countries make up the Persian Gulf states. • Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates are oil-rich nations that are located around the Persian Gulf. • They enjoy a high standard of living; the oil income allows their governments to provide free healthcare, education, and other services.
Yemen • The Gulf of Aden lies directly south of Yemen. • Yemen is the only country on the Arabian Peninsula without large oil reserves. • Sanaa is the capital of Yemen. The city is walled off and was a major trade crossroad.
Oman • Muscat is the capital of Oman. • Oman is mostly desert. • Oil is the most important resource and industry. • The Strait of Hormuz is a narrow waterway that connects the Persian Gulf to the Arabian Sea.
Iraq • The Tigris and Euphrates rivers run through Iraq. • Iraq has the second largest oil reserves in the world. • Baghdad is the capital and largest city of Iraq. • The Arabs and Kurds make up the population. • Iraq was run by the dictator, Saddam Hussein from 1979 to 2003.
Iraq (2) • Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990 partly because of an oil dispute. • This caused the Persian Gulf War of 1991. • The U.S. and U.N. pushed the Iraqis out of Kuwait. • The U.N. set up and embargo that devastated the Iraqi economy. • American and British forces invaded Iraq in 2003 to securely dispose of weapons of mass destruction. • They were never found, but Saddam was captured and later executed by a United States led coalition in December of 2003.
Iran • The main language spoken in Iran is Farsi, which is a Persian language. • The Elburz Mountains run through northern Iran. • Tehran is the largest city and capital of Iran. It lies in the North. • Iran sits in the area once known as Persia. • Iran’s economy is based on oil, but Iranians are trying to diversify their industries.
Iran (2) • Iran is the world’s largest producer of pistachio nuts. • More than half of Iranians are Persian (not Arab or Turkish). • There are about 2 million Afghani and Iraqi refugees living in Iran today. • 98% of Iranians practice Islam. • Iran is an Islamic Republic, which is a government run by Muslim religious leaders. • Western customs that are seen as a threat to Islam are forbidden.
Afghanistan • Kabul is the capital city of Afghanistan and it lies in a valley. • The Hindu Kush Mountains cover large portions of Afghanistan. • The Khyber pass runs through these mountains and connects trade with Asia and Southwest Asia. • Afghanistan is made up of more than 20 different ethnic groups. • 70% of the population are farmers or herders.
Afghanistan (2) • The Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan in 1989 and it was a major cause in the fall of the Soviet Union. • A large group of fighters educated at Islamic schools in Pakistan took over Afghanistan. • This group is known as the Taliban. • They instituted an extreme version of an Islamic Republic. • The 9/11 attacks in the United States began the “War on Terror.” • United States forces ousted the Taliban from control of the government in late 2001.
Southwest Asia Map • Label the following countries on the map. • Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan, Israel, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Yemen, Oman, Iraq, Iran and Afghanistan. • Label the following bodies of water. • Mediterranean Sea, Red Sea, Dead Sea, Persian Gulf • Color the map any way you like.
3 Circle Vin Diagram • A Vin Diagram compares and contrasts the topics of each circle with each other. • A 3 circle Vin Diagram will have 7 spaces. • Where one circle intersects with another circle, the overlapping area should contain information from each topic that is similar. • Make your circles and intersections big enough to allow enough room to write the similarities in the intersections. • You need at least 1 similarity in each of the 7 spaces.
Southwest Asia Action and Adventure Writing Activity • For this writing assignment, you will write an adventure story that takes the reader through the Middle East (Southwest Asia). • The adventure you write about is up to you to create. • Write about what you see, what you do, how the climate is, or anything else you can think of. • Use the book, notes, the internet for help if you need ideas. • Think of action and adventure movies and games for ideas. • Indiana Jones movies, National Treasure, Military Operations, Uncharted series (PS3), Pirates, Terrorist Attacks are just a few examples.
Writing Activity Guidelines • Stories must have a plot, a conflict, a climax, and an ending. • 300 words or more are required. • Circle every 50th word. • Factual information from at least 5 countries is required.
