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Kelly Chance Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

The Physics of Atmospheric Gas Measurements 1. Introduction to quantitative spectroscopy applied to the Earth’s atmosphere. Kelly Chance Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics. Acknowledgements.

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Kelly Chance Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

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  1. The Physics of Atmospheric Gas Measurements1. Introduction to quantitative spectroscopy applied to the Earth’s atmosphere Kelly Chance Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics

  2. Acknowledgements I thank my many colleagues at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, the Harvard Atmospheric Chemistry Modeling Group, and elsewhere. Satellite instrumentation, support, and collaboration has been generously supplied by NASA, the European Space Agency, and German, Dutch, Belgian, and Finnish agencies. My research on these topics has been generously supported primarily by NASA and the Smithsonian Institution. These lectures are available at: https://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~kchance/IAP-CAS-2010/IAP-CAS.html Note time and date: they are subject to change

  3. Introduction to quantitative spectroscopy applied to the Earth’s atmosphere • Emphasize principle of doing analyses from • bedrock and testing all assumptions • For modelers: knowing where measurements • come from and what their limitations are • Hoping for intimacy, interaction, interruptions, • collaborations and students • I will discuss various • platforms (ground-based, airplane, balloon, satellite); • geometries (zenith, limb, nadir); • modes (emission, absorption, scattering); • wavelengths (microwave, infrared, visible, ultraviolet). Our job: To be the skunk at the garden party!

  4. Occam’s Razor Frustra fit per plura, quod fieri potest per pauciora. Essentia non sunt multiplicada praeter necessitatem. - William of Occam

  5. http://www.aapscience7.net/Chapter%20Work/radec_earth_orbit.gif, from Bowie Jr. High School, Odessa, TX.

  6. http://earthguide.ucsd.edu/images/bas/sun/helions.gif, Geosciences Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography. Also, see http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/~kchance/eps238/refdata10/solar/solar.dat

  7. Note the use of the ideal gas law to determine ρ. How much would the use of the van der Waals correction for non-ideal behavior change the P,T relationship in the Earth’s atmosphere?

  8. High resolution solar reference spectrum SAO 2010 irradiance at http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/atmosphere/; paper at /publications

  9. Solar Irradiance Liou, 2002

  10. Plank Function for Several Temperatures

  11. When does emission start and end? - MIPAS HCl - CO fundamental and overtone Emission also at night – remember for later

  12. When e-τ≈ 1 – τ, the absorption is optically thin. Important for later.

  13. Broadening vs. Temperature Where –n is the power of the variation of the scattering Potential with radial distance, r r-3→ T-1 “self-polar” r-4→ T-5/6 “polar-air” r-∞→ T-1/2 “hard sphere” Townes and Schawlow, Microwave Spectroscopy

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