Borrowing

1. Borrowing 劉慶彬 Tim Liu 494410851 張志榮 Jimmy 494410649

2. Introduction Borrowing is a method for a language to add new words from other languages into its system. In English, borrowing belongs to one of the processes of Derivational Morphology. Throughout the history of English, English has adopted a lot of borrowed words from many languages, including France, German, Dutch Arabic, Italian and so on. To study borrowed words further, we can divide this term “borrowing” into two different types:

3. English Loan Words in the Chinese Language • Loan Translation means “there is a direct translation of the elements of a word into the borrowing language.” • Transliteration can define as writing and translating words or letters using letters of a different alphabet or language. That is, translate the borrowed words from other languages according to the sounds we hear and then translate them in our language system.

4. Examples • A：Loan Translation high-heel shoes 高跟鞋 eye shadow 眼影 honeymoon 蜜月 crossroad十字路口 • B：Transliteration pudding 布丁 e-mail 伊媚兒 yahoo 雅虎 talk show 脫口秀 bikini比基尼 • C：Incomplete loan mouse 滑鼠 baseball棒球 volleyball 排球 homerun 全壘打 milk shake奶昔

5. Chinese Loan Words in the English Language • Most of these loan words refer to Chinese objects and concepts. Many of the Chinese loan words made into the English language as pronounced in the Cantonese or Amoy dialect because the early contact between the two cultures happened along the southern Chinese ports of call or through the mostly Cantonese immigrants.

6. 官話借詞 • kung fu （1966年來自「功夫」） • mahjong（1920年來自「麻將」） • longan （1732年來自「龍眼」） • Confucianism（來自「孔夫子」） • yin yang（1671年來自「陰陽」） • kowtow （1804年來自「叩頭」） • tofu （1880年來自「豆腐」）

7. 粵語借詞 廈門話借詞 • typhoon （1771年來自「颱風」） • dim sum（1948年來自「點心」） • chop-suey（1888年來自「雜碎」） • chow mein（1903年來自「炒麵」） • cumshaw（1839年來自「感謝」）