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Depth Perception and Stereoscopic Vision: Understanding 3D Shape and Motion

Explore the complexities of depth perception and stereoscopic vision, emphasizing the role of stereopsis in perceiving three-dimensional shape and motion. Delve into concepts such as disparity, neural bases of disparity registration, and the brain's mechanisms in solving stereoscopic vision challenges. Discover Sir Charles Wheatstone's invention of stereograms and delve into the neural processes behind disparity matching in the visual cortex. Understand how the brain processes binocular information and the importance of non-stereoscopic cues in depth scaling. Enhance your knowledge of 3D vision through this comprehensive exploration.

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Depth Perception and Stereoscopic Vision: Understanding 3D Shape and Motion

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  1. Depth Perception, with Emphasis on Stereoscopic Vision Randolph Blake Visual System, Spring Semester March 24, 2003 Chapter 10 in McIlwain and Chapter 11 in Tovee http://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/blake/StereoStuff/Stereopsis.htm

  2. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion

  3. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion

  4. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion

  5. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size

  6. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective

  7. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective

  8. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective

  9. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective • texture perspective

  10. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective • texture perspective • occlusion

  11. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective • texture perspective • occlusion • shading

  12. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective • texture perspective • occlusion • shading

  13. Specifying 3D shape and depth relations • motion • size • perspective • texture perspective • occlusion • shading

  14. Sir Charles Wheatstone’s Famous Invention

  15. Stereograms (anaglyphs)

  16. Stereograms (“Magic Eye”)

  17. Stereopsis (literally, “seeing solid”)- 3D vision resulting from slight differences in left and right eye images, arising because the two eyes view the world from slightly different perspectives Disparity - slight differences in positions of “features” in left and right eye views • crossed disparity • uncrossed disparity • zero disparity

  18. Magnitude of Disparity Signifies Depth Difference

  19. Disparity Magnitude Also Varies with Viewing Distance stereopsis works only within 10 - 20 ft of the observer; once the visual axes are parallel, objects beyond the point of fixation provide no disparity

  20. Magnitude of Disparity Depends on “IPD” “ipd” = interpupillary distance (averages 6.5 cm in humans)

  21. Random-dot Stereograms (Julesz, 1971)

  22. How They’re Made

  23. How They’re Made

  24. How They’re Made

  25. How Does the Brain “Solve” This Problem?

  26. What “features” does the brain match for stereopsis? original images “low” spatial frequencies “high” spatial frequencies”

  27. What Happens When Binocular Matches Cannot Be Found? left eye right eye

  28. Binocular Rivalry

  29. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration

  30. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration

  31. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration zero disparity

  32. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration uncrossed disparity

  33. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration uncrossed disparity

  34. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration

  35. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration “crossed disparity

  36. Neural Bases of Disparity Registration “crossed disparity

  37. Neurons in visual cortex can match features between the two eyes and can “compute” retinal disparity. Is the problem of stereopsis solved? NO! Disparity must be scaled for distance. (Recall that a given disparity can be associated with different depth intervals, depending on viewing distance and on IPD.) Non-stereoscopic cues required for this “depth scaling”

  38. http://www.3d-web.com/index.html http://www.stereographics.com/ http://www.psy.vanderbilt.edu/faculty/blake/StereoStuff/Stereopsis.htm

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