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1 Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY

What Can Earth Paleoclimates Reveal About the Resiliency of Habitable States? An Example from the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth. Linda E. Sohl , 1,2 Mark A. Chandler , 1,2 Jeffrey Jonas , 1,2 Alexander Pavlov , 3 Thomas Clune , 3 Anthony DelGenio , 2 Shawn Domagal-Goldman , 3 Michael Way 2.

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1 Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY

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  1. What Can Earth Paleoclimates Reveal About the Resiliency of Habitable States? An Example from the Neoproterozoic Snowball Earth Linda E. Sohl,1,2Mark A. Chandler,1,2Jeffrey Jonas,1,2Alexander Pavlov,3Thomas Clune,3Anthony DelGenio,2Shawn Domagal-Goldman,3Michael Way2 1 Center for Climate Systems Research, Columbia University, New York, NY 2 NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York, NY 3 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  2. The Neoproterozoic “Snowball Earth” Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  3. How Do We Know It Was Cold? All cold climate features found in rocks interpreted to have been deposited in low-latitude regions Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  4. The “Hard Snowball Earth” Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  5. Conflicting Model Results • 1D and 2D modeling produces “snapover effect” on sea ice cover once sea ice front reaches 30 degrees latitude • Tipping point is reached once sea ice front extends under descending Hadley cell – sea ice albedo effect is self-sustaining • 3D models with fully coupled oceans cannot achieve this frozen state unless key feedbacks are disabled (Poulsen and Jacobs, 2004) • “Slushball Earth” alternative hypothesis Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  6. 3D Modeling of a Snowball Earth • NASA/GISS ModelE2-R (Schmidt et al., 2014): • Atmospheric model with 2 x 2.5˚horizontal resolution, 40 layers with top at 0.1mb • Ocean model with 1 x 1.25˚ horizontal resolution, 32 layers, Gent-McWilliams correction included (IPCC AR5p5) • Boundary conditions: • Paleogeography, no vegetation, solar luminosity = 93.8% modern, CO2= 40 ppm Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  7. Snowball Earth Global Mean Temperature: -11.1 ˚C Control Run Global Mean Temperature: 17.9 ˚C Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  8. Hypotheses Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  9. Snowball Earth Global Mean Temperature: -11.1 ˚C (Pierrehumbert, 2002) Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

  10. Habitable Worlds Across Time and Space STSci Symposium 2014

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