What is Normalization?

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2. What is Normalization? • Normalization is the technique of decomposing relational tables with anomalies to generate smaller and well-organized relations. The fundamental aim of normalization is to reduce redundancy, which represents that data to be saved only once in a relation. Normalization was established by IBM researcher E.F. Codd in the 1970s. Reasons for Normalization There are four reasons for normalization are as follows. To structure the data so that any pertinent relationship between entities can be represented. To allow easy retrieval of data in response to query report requests. To facilitate the maintenance of the data through updation, insertions, and deletions. To reduce the need to reconstruct or reorganize information when new application requirements arise.

3. Advantages of Normalization • It is a more productive data mechanism. • To avoid redundant fields or columns. • It is a more flexible data structure, i.e., and we should be able to insert new rows and data values simply. • It is easier to maintain the data structure, i.e., it is easy to perform operations, and complex queries can be easily managed. • To minimizes data duplication. • Free from modification anomalies.

4. Disadvantages of Normalization • Performance In a normalized database, extra joins are needed to recover information from numerous tables. Joins need additional I/O and may raise the system overhead than single-table lookups. In addition, more often, a normalized database acquires an extra CPU processor to carry out join logic and to keep up with data and referential integrity. Normalization Procedures Proper normalization of the database is very important. There is no tested tool for detailed normalization. Most normalization is done manually. There is a chance of an improperly normalized database, which can cause significant problems.

5. Database Restructuring • Proper database design is also important because it can be very difficult to modify the structure of a database after the fact. Database restructuring cannot be easy as the database generally serves as the back-end of a larger application. Changes to the database may scrap the application. Data Insertion and Maintenance Though a fully normalized database makes it easy to retrieve data, sometimes insertion and updating rows can be problematic. It is very difficult when they have referential integrity on themselves. The object-oriented database management system (OODBMS) can solve these problems largely. Many of the complex Web applications, particularly banking and high-volume community sites, would be better served by using an OODBMS. (Read More on https://tutorials.ducatindia.com/dbms/what-is-normalization/)

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