Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski

1. E85 Conversion Kit Group 9A: Jerry Dutreuil Joshua Guerra Matt Grywalski William Mehnert

2. Overview • Project Objectives • Conceptual Design • Q&A for Presentation 1 • Technical Analysis • Plan for Phase 3 • Nugget Chart • Conclusion

3. Project Objective • Convert a gasoline engine to operate on E85 without sacrificing fuel consumption, increasing performance and reducing emissions • Provide a control system unit to manage the engine

4. Conceptual Design FFS Fuel ECM Injectors Ignition O2 EGT Exhaust Gases

5. Q&A Presentation 1 • Engine Cooling • No change to combustion chamber temperatures • Materials • Engines have been manufactured to run on ethanol (E10) for over a decade

6. Areas for Technical Analysis • Ignition Timing • Explosion Limits • Emissions • Power/Torque

7. Ignition Timing • Used to control power and chamber temperatures • Typical Ignition timing ranges from 5˚BTDC at start to over 40˚BTDC at higher RPMs • Temperatures and power will be measured before and after the conversion to optimize timing

8. Ignition Timing

9. Explosion Limits • Equations: • LEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/lel1 +P2/lel2 + ... Pn/leln) • UEL =( P1 + P2 + ... Pn)/(P1/uel1 +P2/uel2 + ... Pn/ueln)

10. Explosion Limits • LEL=1/[(.15/1.4)+(.85/3.3)]=2.74 • UEL=1/[(.15/7.6)+(.85/19)]=15.5 • Lambda • Measures fuel content in combustion chamber (AFR/AFRstoich) • Typical range between .68 and 1.4 • Corresponding values based on explosion limits are .56 to 3.65 • Fuel will combust

11. Emissions • Although emissions can be theoretically calculated the process is extremely involved • Emissions will be measured prior to conversion and after (without the use of a catalytic converter) based on EPA standards

12. Emissions • Local Testing Procedure (IM240) • 240 Seconds Test • Average Speed 30 MPH • Max Speed 56.7 MPH • Total of 2 Miles • Idle time to be less than 3.8% of total time

13. Power/Torque • Power Calculated from measured Torque • HP =(Torque x rpm)/5250 • Torque optimized by changing timing • Baseline and final torque will be measured on a chassis dynamometer

14. Power/Torque Sample affects of ignition timing **Based on applet designed by Colorado State, http://www.engr.colostate.edu/~allan/thermo/page6/EngineParm2/Engine.html Timing adjusted, all other values held constant

15. Plan for Phase 3 • Prototype • Ignition timing model • Fuel consumption model • Plan • Fit ECM to engine with existing sensors • Test engine operation prior to conversion • Purchase • Engine • ECM • Various Sensors • Dynamometer time

16. Nugget Chart

17. Conclusion • With ignition timing, we will control the combustion in the cylinder chamber • We will provide a kit that will enable someone to run on E85/gasoline blend

18. Thank you • Any Questions?

19. Reference • www.change2E85.com • www.megasquirt.info • www.flextek.com • www.e85fuel.com • www.eere.energy.gov • www.diablosport.com • www.e85vehicles.com • www.e85prices.com • www.aa1car.com • http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=33615 • http://www.engineeringtoolbox.com/explosive-concentration-limits-d_423.html • http://www.allpar.com/fix/EPAMethods.html • http://www.techedge.com.au/vehicle/wbo2/wblambda.htm • Effect of Advanced injection timing on emission characteristics of diesel engine running on natural gas • Effect of Ethanol-gasoline blends on engine performance and exhaust emissions in different compression ratio • The effects of ethanol-unleaded gasoline blends and ignition timing on engine performance and exhaust emissions

20. Chemical Equilibrium • Gasoline • C8H18+12.5(O2+3.76N2)  CO2+3H2O+12.5(3.76N2) • Ethanol • C2H5OH+3(O2+3.76N2)  2CO2+3H2O+3(3.76N2)

21. Formulas Used