Disaster Management

1. Nur Syazmin Sies Ahmad Zhafir Zulkifli

2. Presentation Outline • Introduction • Disaster management cycle framework & disaster response • Recovery, rehabilitation & reconstruction • Mitigation & vulnerability assessment • Disaster preparedness & planning • Policy & capacity building • Collaboration with other agencies and other countries (WHO, UN, NGO)

3. Introduction

4. Defining disaster Serious disruption of the functioning of a community or national affairs due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity and exceeds the ability of the affected community or society to cope using its own resources and requires extensive mobilization of resources Human Material Economic Environmental

5. Important terms in disease management HAZARD • HAZARD • A process, phenomenon or human activity that may cause loss of life, injury or other health impacts, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation.. • Includes • Biological , environmental, geological , hydrometeorological and technologies process and phenomena VULNERABILITY RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

6. Important terms in disease management HAZARD VULNERABILITY Physical, social, economic and environmental factors or processes which increase the susceptibility of an individual, a community, assets or systems to the impacts of hazards.. Example: Socioeconomic vulnerability – poverty, occupations Physical vulnerability – poor land use planning and development, environmental degradation VULNERABILITY RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

7. Important terms in disease management HAZARD RISK A probability that a person will experience an event in a specified period of time It is a product of hazard and vulnerability Risk = Hazard x Vulnerability VULNERABILITY RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

8. Important terms in disease management HAZARD DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Disaster risk reduction is the policy objective of disaster risk management, and its goals and objectives are defined in disaster risk reduction strategies and plans. VULNERABILITY RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

9. Important terms in disease management HAZARD DISASTER RISK REDUCTION Disaster risk reduction is the policy objective of disaster risk management, and its goals and objectives are defined in disaster risk reduction strategies and plans. VULNERABILITY RISK DISASTER RISK REDUCTION

11. Classification of Disasters • Natural Disasters • Result of action of the natural forces and tend to be accepted as unfortunate, but inevitable • Results from forces of climate and geology • Examples : hurricanes, typhoon, volcanic eruptions, land slides, floods • Man-Made (or technological) • Threats having an element of human intent, negligence or error or involving human made system from some human activities • Examples : explosions, fire, release of toxic chemicals or radioactive materials

12. Impact of Disasters

13. Disaster management cycle framework & disaster response

15. NADMA Malaysia Roles and Responsibilities • Outlines : Policy and Mechanism on Disaster Management on Land holistically • Covering : at the stage of pre-, during & post-disaster • Outlines Malaysia’s disaster management policies and mechanism – before, during and after (post-disaster) encompassing prevention, mitigation, preparation, responses, recovery efforts • Determine roles & responsibilities of various agencies involved in disaster management

16. NADMA Directive No 1

17. Disaster Preparedness • Outlines : Policy and Mechanism on Disaster Management on Land holistically • Covering : at the stage of pre-, during & post-disaster • Outlines Malaysia’s disaster management policies and mechanism – before, during and after (post-disaster) encompassing prevention, mitigation, preparation, responses, recovery efforts • Determine roles & responsibilities of various agencies involved in disaster management

18. Disasters in Malaysia

19. Disaster Risk Management Cycle

21. WHAT HAPPENS DURING DISASTER?

22. Disaster Management

23. DISASTER MANAGEMENT MECHANISM

24. DISASTER RESPONSE MECHANISM

28. DISASTER RESPONSE MECHANISM

32. Recovery, rehabilitation & reconstruction

33. Definition

34. Rehabilitation & Development Programs shall be implemented immediately; • Government Agencies, statutory bodies, the private sector and voluntary bodies involved are responsible to conduct damage assessment and implement rehabilitation and redevelopment of public infrastructures under their jurisdiction; • DDMC and SDMC are responsible to carry out assessment, planning and endorse Rehabilitation and redevelopment programs to the CDMC while incorporating the concept of Disaster Risk Reduction; • CDMC is responsible to decide which Rehabilitation and redevelopment programs to be implemented.

35. Essential Services in Temporary Shelter

36. Disaster Risk Management Cycle

37. 4. Disaster Preparedness and Planning

38. Arahan NADMA NO. 1: Dasar dan MekanismePengurusanBencana Negara • Superseded MKN Directive No. 20 • Started 1 August 2024 • Available at NADMA website • Perkara 11: Kesiapsiagaan

39. Disaster preparedness • Pre-disaster phase • Activities to ensure an effective response to disaster • Long term or continuous measures

40. Disaster preparedness • Earthquake observation system • Meteorological observation system • Hazard maps • Food stockpiling • Emergency drill such as CBRNE simulation • Early warning system (EWS) • Emergency shelter and kits

41. Use of ICT in disaster preparedness • Geographic Information System (GIS) & Remote Sensing (RS) can provide automation for early warning system • Use case: preparation of flood hazard maps by mixing different layer of GIS • Virtual Reality (VR) used for learning of survival from disaster • Use case: VR tells visually safe passage to evacuate from building

42. Risk mitigation in preparedness phase • Involves operational risk and disruption risk • Raising risk awareness • Fostering horizontal collaboration and coordination among stakeholders

43. Planning preparedness • All related agencies to prepare their own Emergency Response Plan (ERP) and Business Continuity Plan (BCP) • Prepare complete logistic inventory for emergency response • Scheduled emergency drill • Sharing of preparedness strategy with other agencies

44. 5. Policy and Capacity Building

45. Policy & capacity building • Developing disaster preparedness policy • NADMA Directive, Malaysia Strategy for Emerging Diseases and Public Health Emergency (MySED )II Workplan 2017-2021, Malaysia Disaster Risk Reduction Policy 2030 • Exercising plans through drills, tabletop exercise and full-scale exercise • Build resilient infrastructure that can overcome disaster • Ensure enough funds and financial assistance if needed • Disaster risk reduction • Enacting law and legislation for mandate of disaster management

46. Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015 Guideline to reduce vulnerabilities to natural hazards (2013)

47. Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015 Recommendation

48. UNDRR Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030 • Adopted at the 3rd UN World Conference in Sendai, Japan, on March 18, 2015. • Successor to the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) 2005-2015. • Address HFA’s gaps in handling the underlying disaster risk factors. • Aims to guide the multi-hazard management of disaster risk in development at all levels as well as within and across all sectors.

50. 6. Collaboration with other agencies and other countries