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Some Thoughts on HPC in Natural Language Engineering

Explore various applications, meta activities, components, architectures, and observations in the field. Learn about multilayer annotations, annotation graphs, NLE on grids, and architectural components.

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Some Thoughts on HPC in Natural Language Engineering

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  1. Some Thoughts on HPC inNatural Language Engineering Steven Bird University of Melbourne & University of Pennsylvania

  2. Sponsorship Natural Language Engineering: Integrating Parallel and Parametric Processing Victorian Partnership for Advanced Computing Expertise Grant EPPNME092.2003

  3. NLE Application Areas • Spoken dialogue systems • Cross-language information retrieval • Word-sense disambiguation • Multi-document summarisation • Natural language database interfaces • Information Extraction • Information Retrieval • Authoring Tools • Language Analysis • Language Understanding • Knowledge Representation • Knowledge Discovery • Spoken Language Input • Written Language Input • Natural Language Generation • Spoken Output • Multilinguality • Multimodality • Discourse and Dialogue

  4. Some NLE Applications in detail • Information extraction from broadcast news • Tokenization, alignment, entity detection, coreference resolution, semantic mapping • Spoken language dialogue systems (SLDS) • Speech recognition, parsing, user modelling, discourse management, generation, synthesis • Language analysis • Interlinear text annotation, lexicon development, morphosyntactic grammar development

  5. Meta Activities • Discovery • What tools work with data in format X? • What lexical resources exist for language Y? • Reuse • Diverse implementation frameworks • Component integration, wrapping, etc • Training and evaluation • Parametric and parallel processing • Comparing systems running on the same data • Gold standard vs theory comparison • Analyzing interaction logs

  6. Learn about NLE • This department hosts a mirror of the ACL digital anthology • 50k pages, 40 years • http://www.cs.mu.oz.au/acl/

  7. SLDS Architecture

  8. SLDS Components

  9. Another SLDS Architecture

  10. Observations • Common components, different arrangements • Multiple components for doing the same task • Most NLE components convert between information types • Parser: from strings to trees • ASR: from speech to text • Summariser: from text to selected text • But: • Many processes benefit from other information sources (e.g. exploiting intonation in input) • Input and output can be aligned • Solution: multilayer annotations

  11. Multilayer annotations

  12. Multilayer Annotations

  13. Annotation Graphs • Labelled digraphs with timestamped nodes

  14. Annotation Graphs: complex example • AGTK: Annotation Graph Toolkit • library, applications • agtk.sourceforge.net

  15. NLE and Grids • NLE Applications • typically constructed out of numerous components • each component responsible for a specialised task • executed against large data sets • To use grids in NLE: • subscribe to a model which allows automated discovery of data and components • flexible design of applications, coordination of execution, storage of results • Ideally: • view grid as a commodity, hidden from application developers

  16. Architectural Components • Data • Language resources for analysis • E.g. Switchboard, 2400 annotated telephone conversations (26 CDs) • Software Components • minimal individual functional units • e.g. Annotation Server, Alignment, ASR, Data Source Packaging, Format Conversion, Text Annotation, Lexicon Server, Semantic Mapping • common interface specification • Metadata Repositories • Dublin Core Application Profile for NLE resources • Application • data + components + processing instructions • declarative specification in XML • Grid Service • computational and storage resources for application execution

  17. Architecture

  18. Conclusion • Natural Language Engineering • interesting test case for grid services • many mature component technologies • applications that are both data and processor intensive • applications for building the multilingual information society of the future...

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