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What is Influenza and thier vaccines by Dr. Sheetu Singh Chest Expert in Jaipur

What is Influenza and Thier Vaccines by Dr. Sheetu Singh Chest Expert in Jaipur. For more details Visit Our Webiste www.drsheetusingh.com Dr. Sheetu Singh is COVID-19 Specialist in Jaipur

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What is Influenza and thier vaccines by Dr. Sheetu Singh Chest Expert in Jaipur

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  1. Influenza vaccine and its current recommendations

  2. CASE Alisha is a 7-year-old girl brought to your Clinic by her mother, who tells you her daughter “suddenly came down with a bad cold.” She reports that “Alisha was fine when she went to bed” but in the morning suddenly became ill with vomiting, a dry cough, sore throat, and high fever. WHAT DO YOU THINK IS THIS??

  3. Often misunderstood and underestimated, Influenza is not just “a bad cold”! Influenza pandemics: exceptional epidemiological events occurring every few decades (11–36 years) Annual influenza epidemics

  4. CLINICAL FEATURES & CASE DEFINITION Influenza can also present as croup, bronchiolitis, pneumonia, febrile disease mimicking bacterial sepsis Can predispose to bacterial infections (otitis media, pneumonia, bronchiolitis) Laboratory Confirmation required for epidemiological purposes only JAMA 2000; 284 (13): 1740

  5. People at high risk of influenza complications • Children < 2 years • Adults aged 65 yrs or older • Pregnant women • Healthcare professional • People of any age with certain medical conditions, such as – • Chronic heart diseases • Chronic lung diseases • Chronic kidney diseases • Chronic liver diseases • Blood or metabolic diseases (such as diabetes) • Or weakened immune systems Asthma and COPD Patients Source: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs211/en/ as accessed on 4th August 2015, 12:30 pm

  6. Biology of Influenza • Influenza A and B are the two types of influenza viruses that cause epidemic human disease. • Influenza A and B viruses are further separated into subtypes (for A viruses) and lineages (for B viruses) on the basis of antigenic differences. • Influenza A viruses are categorized into subtypes on the basis of characterization of two surface antigens: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). • Influenza A(H1N1) viruses, influenza A(H3N2) viruses, and influenza B viruses co-circulate globally. • New influenza virus variants emerge as a result of point mutations and recombination events that occur during viral replication, resulting in frequent antigenic change (i.e., antigenic drift) (9). • Immunity to surface antigens, HA and NA, reduces likelihood of infection. Antibody against one influenza virus type or subtype confers limited or no protection against another type or subtype

  7. Impact of influenza in pts with Chronic Lung Diseases • Among those not vaccinated for influenza the rate of hospitalization for pneumonia &influenza doubled from 55/1000 person yrs during the non-influenza season to 110 hospitalizations/1000 person-yrs during the influenza season • CLD 65 yrs or older, 23.8 (95% CI, 10.1–37.5) deaths due to Influenza per 10,000 persons • Increase in antibiotic prescriptions from 64 to 108 prescriptions per 1000 persons with CLD Source: Mallia P, Johnston SL. Influenza infection and COPD. Int J Chron Obstruct Pulmon Dis. 2007;2(1):55-64.

  8. Influenza in Asthma Patients

  9. Global impact of influenza on asthma • Since the 1960s, asthma has been recognized as a medical condition conferring higher risk for influenza-associated complications during typical influenza seasons • During the 2009 influenza pandemic, asthma pts accounted for 22% to 29% of all pts hospitalized with 2009 pandemic H1N1 Seasonal influenza-attributable hospitalization rates are substantially higher among children with asthma than among healthy children Source: Dawood FS, et al. Children with asthma hospitalized with seasonal or pandemic influenza, 2003-2009. Pediatrics. 2011 Jul;128(1):e27-32.

  10. Global impact of influenza on asthma • 2 to 4xtimes higher outpatient attendance &hospitalization in children with asthma vs. healthy children • More than 30% of the children experiencing an asthma attack due to pandemic A/H1N1/2009 virus were diagnosed as having pneumonia, required admission to an intensive care unit, needed mechanical ventilation or died Children with asthma & influenza are also more likely to have pneumonia, require intensive care or develop respiratory failure Source: Patria MF, et al. Influenza vaccination in children at high risk of respiratory disease. TherAdv Vaccines. 2013 May;1(1):21-31.

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