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Exploring Minerals and Rocks in the Classroom

Learn about minerals and rocks through objects in the classroom. Discover how they form, their properties, and the rock cycle. From minerals like feldspar to gems like diamonds, delve into the fascinating world beneath our feet!

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Exploring Minerals and Rocks in the Classroom

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  1. Bellwork • Describe 7 objects around the classroom that contain minerals. • You can refer to Appendix H of your textbook for guidance. Pg. 918

  2. MINERALS

  3. What is a Mineral? Short Video 3:38 • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/player/?assetGuid=C068FDD9-CB53-41DB-AFD3-0309E0C1A43C&fromMyDe=0&isPrinterFriendly=0&provider=&isLessonFromHealth=0&productcode=US&isAssigned=false&includeHeader=YES&homeworkGuid=

  4. Minerals Earth’s crust is composed of about 3000 minerals • Minerals: • form from magma or solution • form rocks • have a chemical composition • crystalline Structure • Most abundant Feldspar and Quartz • Humans use and make products out of minerals

  5. Definite Crystalline Structure • Atoms in minerals are arranged in geometric patterns • 6 major crystal systems

  6. Mohs' hardness scale:1 = softest………10 = hardest

  7. Minerals identified by physical and chemical properties • Color – (physical characteristic) • Luster - (metalic, dull, pearly, waxy, silky) • Texture – (smooth, rough, ragged, greasy, soapy, or glassy) • Streak – (color of its powder) • Hardness – (does it scratch easily?) • Cleavage – (splits easily & evenly) • Fracture – (breaks rough or ragged edges) • Density and Specific Gravity – (atomic weight and structure)

  8. Gems • Gems are rare, precious, highly prized mineral that can be cut, polished, and used for jewelry. • Rubies, emeralds, and diamonds

  9. What is the hardest mineral? • Diamond – scratches all common materials

  10. ROCKS

  11. What is a Rock? • Naturally occurring mixtures of minerals. • Sometimes includes organic matter

  12. What is the difference between a ROCK and a MINERAL? • Rocks are made up of ONE or MORE minerals. • Minerals are an inorganic substance in nature • Occurs naturally; solid • Has its own characteristics appearance and chemical composition • Mined or extracted from the ground

  13. Does a rock stay the same rock forever? • NO! • Rocks are continually changed by many processes such as: • Weathering • Erosion • Compaction • Cementation • Melting • Cooling

  14. Rocks are divided into 3 groups based on how they are formed: • IGNEOUS • SEDIMENTARY • METAMORPHIC

  15. Earth materials change back and forth among the difference types of rocks. The Rock Cycle

  16. Igneous Rocks • “Ignis” = Latin for “fire” • Formed from the cooling of either magma or lava • The most abundant type of rock • Classified according to their origin and composition

  17. 2 Types of Igneous Rock “IN”-TRUSIVE (inside) / below ground • From magma • Cool slowly • Large crystal grains “EX”–TRUSIVE(outside)/above ground • From lava • Small/no crystals • Cool quickly • Click here…..

  18. Video 4:09 Our World - The Rock Cycle • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SRaInMDNyE8

  19. Peridotite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  20. Granite: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  21. Obsidian: Intrusive or Extrusive? Why?

  22. Sedimentary Rocks • Formed from sediments: • rock fragments, • mineral grains, • animal & plant remains • Pressed or cemented together • Or sediments precipitate out of a solution. • Moved by wind, water, ice or gravity • Only kind of rock containing fossils • Form horizontal layers

  23. 3 Sedimentary Categories • Clastic rock– formed by mechanical weathering • Chemical rock– when rocks dissolve, the solution cools or evaporates • Organic rock – formed from compaction of plant remains

  24. What turns sediments into solid rock? • erosion & deposition • compaction • cementation • Exp. Grand Canyon

  25. Metamorphic Rocks meta=change morphe=form Rocks that change due to intense temperature and pressure

  26. 2 Textural Groups: • Foliated • Wavy layers and bands of minerals • Flat or needlelike crystals perpendicular to the pressure • Nonfoliated • Lack mineral grains with long axis in one direction • Blocky crystal shapes

  27. What occurs in the Earth to change these rocks? • Pressurefrom overlying rock layers • High heat, but not enough to melt the rock • Rocks may be flattened or bent or atoms may be exchanged to form new minerals.

  28. You can think of metamorphic rocks as a squished peanut butter & jelly sandwich in your lunch.

  29. Bill Nye Video 23:05 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cJA-QJmk4Z4&feature=player_embedded

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