1 / 17

Historical Overview

Historical Overview. PHE 498. Ancient Greece. Claudius Galen (A.D. 130-200) Studied the relationship between health and exercise Determined what types of exercise would impart physical changes. Renaissance. Hieronymous Mercurialis (1530-1606)   Rebirth of Greek ideals

dorothyhall
Download Presentation

Historical Overview

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Historical Overview PHE 498

  2. Ancient Greece Claudius Galen (A.D. 130-200) • Studied the relationship between health and exercise • Determined what types of exercise would impart physical changes.

  3. Renaissance Hieronymous Mercurialis (1530-1606) •   Rebirth of Greek ideals •         Published De Arte Gymnastica •         Preventive and therapeutic exercises

  4. 19th Centruy Physical Education Programs in the United States Dr. Edward Hitchcock (1828-1911) hired in 1861 as Assistant Professor of Physical Training and Hygiene at Amherst College

  5. Hitchcock • Medical Degree • First physical educator to receive professorial status • Developed system of anthropometrics: measurement of man. Used measurements to chart student progress.

  6.  Dr. Dudley A. Sargent (1849-1924) • In 1879 hired as Assistant Professor of Physical Training and Director of Hemenway Gymnasium at Harvard University • Developed over 90 patents for exercise machines. • Used individual exercises based on anthropometrics.

  7. Norms • Based on data collected by Hitchcock and Sargent norms were established for college level physical performance. • Norms are performance standards collected from a large number of subjects. Norms are based on age, gender, experience, ability, and other characteristics.

  8. Norms (cont.) • Norms can be used to create standards or expectations of performance. • Norms can then be used to make realistic standards for students to meet.

  9. 20th Century • Testing in physical education expanded to a number of attributes other than anthropometrics.

  10. Classification of body types Body composition Power Agility Motor ability Balance Flexibility Speed and Reaction time Strength CV endurance Sport skills Posture Social and Psych Knowledge Attributes

  11. Physical Fitness Testing • Military preparedness in WWI and WWII • Tests were utilized to determine physical eligibility of draftees. • Kraus-Weber Test: American school aged students were compared to Europeans in 1953. • 60% of American students failed; 9% of European students failed

  12. Fitness (cont.) • Kraus-Weber test results prompted President Eisenhower in 1956 to establish the President’s Council on Youth Fitness • A national physical fitness test was developed

  13. Academic Discipline Movement • Franklin Henry in a JOHPER in 1964 stated:" I suggest that there is an increasing need for the organization and study of the academic discipline herein called physical education”.

  14. Sub Disciplines of Study • Exercise Physiology • Biomechanics • Kinesiology • Motor learning • Sport psychology • Sport sociology • Sport history • Sport philosophy

  15. Exercise Physiology • 1954 The American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) was founded • Joseph B. Wolffe, a cardiologist, was elected as ACSM’s first president. • In 1969 ACSM began to publish Medicine and Science in Sports. • In 1974 ACSM began to certify practitioners, and now there are six certification fields.

  16. Growth of Sub Disciplines • North American Society for the Psychology of Sport and Physical Activity was founded in 1967. Journal of Motor Behavior (1968) and the Journal of Sport Psychology (1978). • The Philosophic Society for the Study of Sport was founded in 1972. • North American Society for Sport History was formed in 1973.

  17. The Art and Science of Human Movement • http://www.ucalgary.ca/lib-old/ssportsite/assoc.html

More Related