Strong authentication: b uilding apps that manage virtual smart cards in enterprise, BYOD and consumer environments

2. Strong authentication: building apps that manage virtual smart cards in enterprise, BYOD and consumer environments Himanshu Soni Senior Program Manager 2-041

3. Agenda • 2 factor authentication • Smart cards • Virtual smart cards • WinRT APIs • Demo

4. 2 factor authentication • What you know – e.g. PIN • What you have – e.g. smart card, devices

5. Why 2 factor authentication • “In 2013 more than 90% of user-generated passwords, even those considered strong by IT departments, will be vulnerable to hacking” – Deloitte • “The age of the password is over. We just haven’t realized it yet.” – Wired • “73% of users share the passwords which they use for online banking, with at least one nonfinancial website.” – Trusteer Inc. Reused Login Credentials 2010 2 Factor Authentication

6. Virtual smart cards • Introduced in Windows 8 • Uses TPM module on the PC for • isolated crypto operations • generation of non-exportable keys • dictionary attack prevention (wrong PIN) • Exposed as smart cards to applications and OS PIN is what you know, the device is what you have.

7. Where can virtual smart cards be used • Remote access using VPN or DirectAccess • BYOD (Bring Your Own Device) • Logon to PC • SSL client authentication • Secure email • Document protection (signing, encryption) • BitLocker drive encryption for data volumes 2 factor authentication

8. Important aspects of a smart card • User selected PIN • Auto generated admin key for PIN reset or unblock (some cards have PUK) • Unique ID (card ID, serial number, etc.) for inventory management • Certificates and private keys

9. Deployment types

10. Deployment complexity

11. What’s new in Windows 8.1 for smart cards • Windows Store apps can now manage complete lifecycle of virtual smart cards • New APIs to manage virtual smart card • New APIs to manage physical smart cards • PIN policies for virtual smart card • New ways for certificate enrollment • New APIs for using certificates for cryptographic operations

12. Smart card API features Capability required: SharedUserCertificates, enterpriseAuthentication • Namespace: Windows.Devices.SmartCards

13. Virtual smart card lifecycle PIN Reset Change PIN Forget PIN

14. Windows Store app – sample flow Windows Store app Server backend Create virtual smart card with a default admin key known to the server Receive key diversification information from the server Diversify admin key and update server inventory Card lifecycle Send certificate request to server along with any required additional proofs Receive certificate and install it on the card PIN management (change, reset, unblock), certificate management (renewal) Delete card and update server inventory 1.) Delete Card

15. Virtual smart card creation API • Class • SmartCardProvisioning • Method • RequestVirtualSmartCardCreationAsync • Input • Friendly Name, • AdminKey, • GUID for CardID – an overload available without CardID • PIN policy

16. C# code snippet for card creation •     using Windows.Devices.SmartCards; •      public async void ScenarioCreateTpmVirtualSmartCard() •     { • IBufferadminKey = Windows.Security.Cryptography.CryptographicBuffer.CreateFromByteArray( •             new byte[] { •                 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, •                 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08, •                 0x01, 0x02, 0x03, 0x04, 0x05, 0x06, 0x07, 0x08 •             }); • SmartCardPinPolicypinPolicy = new SmartCardPinPolicy() •         { • MinLength = 8,LowercaseLetters = SmartCardPinCharacterPolicyOption.Allow,UppercaseLetters = SmartCardPinCharacterPolicyOption.RequireAtLeastOne, •             Digits = SmartCardPinCharacterPolicyOption.Allow,SpecialCharacters = SmartCardPinCharacterPolicyOption.Disallow •         }; • SmartCardProvisioningcardProvisioning = await SmartCardProvisioning.RequestVirtualSmartCardCreationAsync( •             "Contoso Virtual Smart Card",adminKey,pinPolicy,Guid.NewGuid()); •         if (cardProvision == null) •             return; • }

17. Windows Store APIs – PIN policy • PIN policy is an input to the Create API with the following options : • Minimum length (minimum length allowed 4) • Maximum length (maximum length allowed 128) • Uppercase letters • Lowercase letters • Digits • Special characters • Default PIN policy is: 8 characters minimum length (same as Windows 8) • Note : PIN can be only from the printable ASCII key range.

18. Smart card provisioning APIs • Class • SmartCardProvisioning • Methods • GetChallengeContextAsync, • Class • SmartCardChallengeContext • Method • ProvisionAsync, ChangeAdministrativeKeyAsync

19. C# code snippet for card provisioning • public async void ScenarioProvisionCard(SmartCard card, IBufferoldAdminKey, IBuffernewAdminKey, GuidnewCardId) • { • varcardProvision = await SmartCardProvisioning.FromSmartCardAsync(card); • // Change card admin key after challenge/response authentication • using (var context = await cardProvision.GetChallengeContextAsync()) • { • var response = RetrieveResponseForChallengeFromServer(card, context.Challenge); • await context.ChangeAdministrativeKeyAsync (response, newAdminKey); • }

20. C# code snippet for card provisioning (cont’d) • // Provision card file system after challenge/response authentication • using (var context = await cardProvision.GetChallengeContextAsync()) • { • var response = CalculateResponse(newAdminKey, context.Challenge); • await context.ProvisionAsync (response, true, newCardId); • } • // The card has been provisioned and is ready for certificate enrollment • }

21. Certificate enrollment • Additional proofs • Domain username and password • Challenge questions • OTP sent to mobile phone or email • Corpnet connection with user name and password • Sign with a physical smart card • Visit to an IT office/kiosk

22. Certificate enrollment APIs • Class • CertificateRequestProperties • CertificateEnrollmentManager • Methods • CreateRequestAsync • InstallCertificateAsync

23. C# code snippet for certificate request creation •     using Windows.Devices.SmartCards; •     using Windows.Security.Cryptography.Certificates; • SmartCardProvisioningcardProvision = await SmartCardProvisioning.RequestVirtualSmartCardCreationAsync( •         "Contoso Virtual Smart Card", adminKey, pinPolicy, Guid.NewGuid()); • if (cardProvision == null) •         return; • CertificateRequestPropertiesrequestProperties = new CertificateRequestProperties() •     { •         Subject = "Toby", KeySize = 2048,KeyStorageProviderName = KeyStorageProviderNames.SmartcardKeyStorageProvider, SmartcardReaderName = cardProvision.SmartCard.Reader.Name •     }; •     string request = await CertificateEnrollmentManager.CreateRequestAsync(requestProperties); •     // submit the request (can wrap in an XML and provide more information to the server) • HttpContent content = new StringContent(certificateRequest); • HttpClient cli = new HttpClient(); • HttpResponseMessageresponse = await cli.PostAsync(url, content); •     string certResponse = await response.Content.ReadAsStringAsync(); •     // Install  the returned cert •     await CertificateEnrollmentManager.InstallCertificateAsync(certResponse, InstallOptions.None);

24. Locating a card • Class • SmartCardReader • SmartCardProvisioning • Method • GetDeviceSelector • GetIDAsync • Input • None

25. C# code snippet for locating a card • public async Task<SmartCard> ScenarioLocateCard(GuidtargetCardId) • { • // Enumerate to find the matching card • var selector = SmartCardReader.GetDeviceSelector(); • var devices = await DeviceInformation.FindAllAsync(selector); • foreach (var device in devices) { • var reader = await SmartCardReader.FromIdAsync(device.Id); • var cards = await reader.FindAllCardsAsync(); • foreach (var card in cards) { • // Find a card by reading its ID from its cardid file • varcardProvision = await SmartCardProvisioning.FromSmartCardAsync(card); • varcardId = await cardProvision.GetIdAsync(); • // Compare cardId • if (cardId == targetCardId) { • // Find the card • return card; • } • } • }

26. Change PIN • Class • SmartCardProvisioning • Method • RequestPinChangeAsync • Input • None

27. C# code snippet for PIN change • public async void ScenarioChangePin(SmartCard card) • { • varcardProvision = await SmartCardProvisioning.FromSmartCardAsync(card); • // Request to change PIN and the user will be prompted to enter the old and new PINs • bool result = await cardProvision.RequestPinChangeAsync(); • if (!result) • { • // The request is cancelled • } • }

28. Reset PIN/unblock smart card • Class • SmartCardProvisioning • Method • RequestPinResetAsync • Input • None

29. C# code snippet for PIN reset • public async void ScenarioResetPin(SmartCardcard) • { • varcardProvision = await SmartCardProvisioning.FromSmartCardAsync(card); • varcardId = await cardProvision.GetIdAsync(); • // Request the user to enter a new PIN and reset the PIN using challenge/response • bool result = await cardProvision.RequestPinResetAsync(async (sender, request) => • { • var deferral = request.GetDeferral(); • try • { • IBuffer response = await RetrieveResponseForChallengeFromServer(cardId, request.Challenge); • request.SetResponse(response); • } • finally • { • deferral.Complete(); • } • }); • if (!result) • { • // The request is cancelled • } • }

30. Virtual smart card deletion API • Class • SmartCardProvisioning • Method • RequestVirtualSmartCardDeletionAsync • Input • SmartCard

31. C# code snippet for card deletion • public async void ScenarioDeleteTpmVirtualSmartCard(SmartCard card) • { • if (card.Reader.Kind != SmartCardReaderKind.Tpm) • { • // This is not a TPM virtual smart card • return; • } • bool result = await SmartCardProvisioning.RequestVirtualSmartCardDeletionAsync(card); • if (!result) • { • // The request is cancelled • } • }

32. Demo – setup virtual smart card

33. Demo – use virtual smart card

34. Summary and key takeaways • Windows 8.1 makes it easier than ever for Windows Store apps to manage physical and virtual smart cards. • You learned about using virtual smart cards when you need strong authentication, including both enterprise Bring Your Own Device (BYOD) environments, as well as consumer scenarios that require strong authentication such as banking. • You learned what virtual smart cards are, what scenarios they can enable, and how new Windows Runtime APIs make it easy to write apps to manage both real and virtual smart cards.

35. Resources • Virtual smart card white paper • http://www.microsoft.com/download/details.aspx?id=29076 • MSDN links for WinRT APIs • http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/apps/windows.devices.smartcards.aspx • http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/apps/windows.security.cryptography.certificates.aspx • Samples link • http://code.msdn.microsoft.com/windowsapps/Smart-card-sample-f9befda4 • http://msdn.microsoft.com/library/windows/apps/br212099.aspx

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