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The Multipolar World

The Multipolar World. Group 7 : Dominicus Enjang T. Rizal Bachtiar Anjar Sulastri Desak Putu Sinta S. Arif Setyanto Maygy D. P. Timeline. Background : Cold War . Bipolar system  USSR vs USA Dominasi, penyebaran pengaruh, hegemoni. The Declining of USSR (1980-1990).

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The Multipolar World

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  1. The Multipolar World Group 7 : DominicusEnjang T. Rizal Bachtiar AnjarSulastri DesakPutuSinta S. ArifSetyanto Maygy D. P.

  2. Timeline

  3. Background : Cold War • Bipolar system  USSR vs USA • Dominasi, penyebaran pengaruh, hegemoni.

  4. The Declining of USSR (1980-1990) Structural factors : • Menurunnyaintervensi USSR thdnegara “empire”nya menimbulkanpemberontakan, e.g : PenolakanpengirimantentarakeJermanTimur pd 1989, Poland solidarity (free election), hinggajatuhnyatembok Berlin • Kurangnya genuine support daripemerintahanKomunis  keinginanmasyarakatmenyudahisistem yang lama.

  5. 3 Important Alternatives Centres of Power

  6. China • 1940-1950 : USSR’s allies, junior partner  Penerapan gagasan Stalin (sentralistik dan industri berat) • 1960 : Perbedaan kepentingan & border rivalry  Pisah dgn USSR, penarikan dana bantuan dari USSR ke China • 1969 : Mendekati AS, Eropa, dan Jepang sebagai kekuatan strategis  pertumbuhan China

  7. Cont… • 1970 : Détente  kerjasama dgn AS untuk “mengalahkan” Uni Soviet. • 1979 : Reformasi sistem ekonomi dari sentralistik ke terbuka (Mao’s vision with a willingness to trade with outside world) • 1988 : 140 pelabuhan ditambahkan  new economic zone of China

  8. Japan • 1945-1952 : Under controlled of USA • 1960-1964 : Pertumbuhan meningkat 2 kali lipat, menjadi bagian dari kepentingan USA dlm ekspor-impor, perusahaan USA merupakan major foreign capital investor • 1964 : merupakan penerima terbesar dari World Bank Loan, 1500juta USD

  9. Factors of Japan’s Growth • Interlocking relationantaraZaikai (big bussinessdanfinance) • Komitmenterhadapsistempajakregresif • Rendahnyaalokasiutksocial servicesdankesejahteraansosial • Pasardomestikygkuat diberikanpadapasarlokal, 50% mobilJepangdipasarkankeJepangsendiri (1980) • Berbasisekspormanufakturkenegaraperiperi, Eropa Barat, bahkan AS.

  10. West Europe • 1947 : sphere of influence dariAS  Marshall Plan danOrganization for European Economic Co-operation (OEEC) • 1949 : Emerging of NATO • 1952 : European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC)  Belgia, Jerman Barat, Italia, Luxemburg, Belanda, danPrancis. • 1958 : ECSC  EEC (European Economic Community)  perdaganganbebas; free movement of people, capital, and goods.

  11. Cont… • 1967 : ECSC, EEC, European Atomic Energy Commission  European Community (EC)  menyediakan bantuan home market dan bantuan merger  meningkatkan kapital Eropa

  12. The New Europe 2 perubahan signifikan dalam Eropa : • The Single Market 1992, EC menjadi pasar tunggal Eropa  bebastarif perdagangan internal  memperkuat posisinya dalam persaingan dengan AS dan Jepang • Jatuhnya Komunis di Eropa Timur memperkuat keanggotaan EC  masuknya Polandia, Ceko, Romania, dan Bulgaria serta bersatunya Jerman Barat-Timur.

  13. “Old structures are failing around ears, old ideologies are evaporating and new relationships are emerging”

  14. Reference • John Rennie Short, An Introduction to Political Geography.

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