高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题指导（猜测词义题）

高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题指导 （猜测词义题）

在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。在阅读中我们经常会遇到许多生词。这时许多同学立即翻阅词典，查找词义。这样做不但费时费力，而且影响阅读速度、影响对语篇的整体把握。事实上，阅读材料中的每个词与它前后的词语或句子甚至段落都有联系。我们可以利用语境（各种已知信息）推测、判断某些生词的词义。近年来全国统一高考中加大了对考生猜词义能力的考查，因此，掌握一定的猜词技巧，对突破高考阅读理解、提高我们的英语语言能力都有非常重要的意义。

常见的题干有： 1) Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the word？ 2) The word... could best be replaced by. 3) In the... paragraph, the word... means (refers to). 4) According to the passage,... probably means. 5) The author uses the word... to mean. 猜测词义时，一般可利用以下四个方面的线索

一是针对性的解释 针对性解释是作者为了更好的表达思想，在文章中对一些重要的概念、难懂的术语或高深的词汇等所做的通俗化的解释。这些解释提供的信息明确具体，所使用的语言通俗易懂，利用它们来猜测词义就非常简单。

1.根据定义（definition）猜测词义 如果生词有一个句子（定语从句或是同位语<同位语前常有 or, similarly, that is to say, in other words, namely, or other, say, 等>或是同位语从句）或段落来定义,或使用破折号，冒号，分号后的内容和引号括号中的内容加以解释和定义，那么理解这个句子或段落本身就是推断词义。定义常用的谓语动词多为：be, mean, deal with, be considered, to be, be called, define, represent, refer to, signify等。

例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.（2005年湖北卷）例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．（2005年浙江卷）

例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces . （2004年福建卷） According to the passage ,The Pines is a A．place in which you can see many mobile homes B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food D

2.根据举例猜测词义 恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.（2004年辽宁卷）

二是内在逻辑关系 根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1.根据对比、比较关系猜测词义 在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast(相比之下)等。表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as等。

例5.A child’s birthday party doesn’t have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun. What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean? （2002年NMET） A.a party designed by specialists B.a plan requiring careful thought C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble D.a demand made by guests 例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

2.根据因果关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .” （2005年上海卷） The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “” . A．full of respect B．too confident and rude C．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet B

例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.（2005年江西卷）

3.根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、反义等关系猜测词义 在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。例9.William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.” （2005年江苏卷） The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means . A．simple B．mixed C．sad D．happy B

例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers. （2004年湖北卷）

例11.There is no reason to insult and defame the man simply because you do not agree with him.

例12.The game Americans call soccer is known around the world as football. 例13.The house stood at the end of a quiet neat street. The little dwelling, however, looked neglected and cheerless. 例14.Most women in China ---educated and illiterated, urban and rural, the young and old-----work to earn an income in addition to maintaining their roles as housewives and mothers.

三是通过构词法 在猜测词义过程中，我们还可以依靠构词法方面的知识，从生词本身猜测词义。 1.根据前缀猜测词义例15.Do you have any strong opinion on co-educational or single-sex schools?

2.根据后缀猜测词义例16. It’s a quiet, comfortable hotel overlooking (俯瞰) the bay in an uncommercializedCornish fishing village on England’s most southerly point．（2005年广东卷）后缀 -ise/ize意思是“使成为…；使…化”，词根commercial（商业的），不难猜出 uncommercialized 的意思是：

3.根据复合词的各部分猜测词义例17.Good tool design is important in the prevention of overuse injuries. Well – designed tools and equipment will require less force to operate them and prevent awkward（别扭的）hand positions.（2005年北京卷）

例18. We live in a technological society where most goods are mass-produced by unskilled labor. Because of this, most people that craft (手艺) no longer exists. （2004年浙江卷）

4.猜测词性变换新词含义例19.The other teams, disappointed, were on the bus heading home. （2004年山东卷） head本为名词，表头。由the bus和home的语境逻辑可以推断，该句head为动词，表方向，结合全句可译为:

例20.I had first known she was wrong, that her anxiety had clouded her judgment. （2004全国卷Ⅱ）

四是根据生活常识 运用自身的生活经验及生活常识，根据上下文能读懂的部分，可以正确猜出词义。下面文字中划线单词的词义你能猜出来吗？例21.Birds fly with their wings, and they pick up their foods, and then eat them with their beaks and they use their claws for tearing, seizing, pulling or holding objects. 例22.Most of the roses are beginning to wither because of the cold.

高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题指导 （猜测词义题）