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Selective Service Act

Selective Service Act Required men to register with government in order to be randomly selected for military service 24 million registered, 3 million called up 400,000 African Americans Segregated Units Excluded from the Navy and Marines Mostly non-combat duties

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Selective Service Act

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  1. Selective Service Act • Required men to register with government in order to be randomly selected for military service • 24 million registered, 3 million called up • 400,000 African Americans • Segregated Units • Excluded from the Navy and Marines • Mostly non-combat duties • 369th Infantry regiment more continuous day of duty than any other American regiment • Women • Accepted in the Army Corps of Nurses • Deniedarmy rank, pay, and benefits • 13,000 non combat positions in the Navy & Marines • Secretaries, nurses, and telephone operators with full military rank

  2. Unrestricted submarine warfare • 1917 – sunk 2x as much ship tonnage as the Allies had built • Shipyard workers exempt from the draft • Public relations on the importance of shipbuilding • Prefabrication techniques • Standardized parts, parts of the ship built elsewhere, then assembled in the yard • 1918 – 1 day – US launches 95 ships • Commercial & private ships used • Convoy system • Heavy guard of destroyers escorted merchant ships • 1917 – shipping loses cut in half • 2 million Americans sailed to Europe, 637 were killed in U-boat attacks

  3. Doughboys • American soldiers (cleaned their belts with pipe clay) • Weapons • Machine gun, tank, airplanes, observation balloons • Increased Government Control • President – fix prices, nationalize certain industries • War Industries Board • Main regulatory body • Mass production techniques • Minimize waste by standardizing products • Set quotas and allocated raw materials • US production increased by 20% • Retail prices – almost double before the war, increased profits

  4. Fuel Administration • Gasless Sundays, lightless nights, daylight savings time • Food Administration • “Gospel of the clean plate” • Meatless, sweetless, wheatless, porkless, etc • Victory Gardens • American shipments to the Allies tripled • War Economy • Wages rose, but not as fast as prices • Stockholders = huge profits • DuPont stock rose 1,600 percent • Unions increased due to faster pace, greater wealth disparity • 6,000 strikes during the war months • National War Labor Board (1918) • Citizens could lose draft exemptions, “Work or Fight”

  5. Anti-Immigrant Hysteria • Citizens with German names lost their jobs • No Mozart, Bach, Beethoven or Brahms • Towns with German names changed names, no German taught in school, German books removed • Mob Violence • German measles = liberty measles, Hamburger = Salisbury Steak or “Liberty” sandwich, Sauerkraut, etc.. • Espionage & Sedition Acts • $10,000 fine or 20 years in jail for interfering with the war effort or saying anything disloyal • 2,000 prosecutions, ½ convictions • Targeted socialists and labor leaders • Great Migration • Hundreds of thousands of Southern African Americans move North • Escape discrimination • Job opportunities (less immigrants) • Flu • Affected ¼ of the US population (Production dropped) • ¼ soldiers caught the flu • Killed 500,000 Americans, 30 million worldwide

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