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LIPIDS

LIPIDS. Varied in structure Contain Carbon and hydrogen, and linked by non polar covalent bonds. LIPIDS. Many are insoluble in water- lack polar group Fat provides insulation and energy storage, cushions vital organs Helps keep water fowl afloat Repels water

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LIPIDS

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  1. LIPIDS • Varied in structure • Contain Carbon and hydrogen, and linked by non polar covalent bonds.

  2. LIPIDS • Many are insoluble in water- lack polar group • Fat provides insulation and energy storage, cushions vital organs • Helps keep water fowl afloat • Repels water • Animals use fat rather than glycogen for long term energy storage (fat stores more energy)

  3. Fats • Fats are triglycerides containing saturated fatty acids. (butter) • Fat are two molecules linked • Fatty Acids • Glycerol

  4. Glycerol • Water soluble compound with three hydroxyl groups

  5. Fatty Acids • Long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxyl (acid) group at one end

  6. Fatty Acids • Most fatty acids contain 16-18 carbon atoms per molecule

  7. Saturated fatty acids • Have no double bonds between their carbon atoms • Molecules are packed closely together

  8. Saturated Animal Fats • Associated with circulatory disorders • Plant oils can be substituted for animal fats in the diet

  9. Unsaturated fatty acids • Have double bonds in the carbon chain where there are less than two hydrocarbons per carbon atom. • Kinked structure prevents molecules packing tightly together.

  10. Oils • Oils are triglycerides with unsaturated fatty acids (corn oil) • Fats of plants and fish are generally unsaturated • They are built of one or more types of unsaturated fatty acids • Liquid at room temperature • Oils • Olive oil, cod liver oil

  11. Hydrogenated Vegetable Oils • Unsaturated fats that have been synthetically converted to saturated fats by adding hydrogen (trans fats) • Peanut butter, margarine are hydrogenated to prevent lipids from separating out in liquid form. (oil)

  12. Trans Fat

  13. Waxes • Long chain of fatty acids bonded to a long chain of alcohol • More hydrophobic • Solid at room temperature • High melting point • Water proof • Retards water loss in plants and animals • Natural coating of fruit • Resists degradation

  14. Phospholipids • Major component of the cell membranes • Similar to fat but has only two fatty acids attached to glycerol • Hydrocarbon tails are hydrophobic • Phosphate group are hydrophilic

  15. Phospholipids • Arrange themselves in a double layer. • Enables them to form an interface or separation between two solutions (interior and exterior of the cell)

  16. Steroids • Lipids characterized by a carbon skeleton consisting of four fused rings • Different steroids vary in the functional groups attached to the rings

  17. Cholesterol • Steroid that is a common component of the animal cell membrane • Precursor from which other steroids are synthesized • Testosterone • Estrogen

  18. Cholesterol • Crucial molecule in animals but high levels in the blood may contribute to atherosclerosis. • Hardening of the arteries

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