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Website Accessibility Testing

Website Accessibility Testing. Todd M. Weissenberger Web Accessibility Coordinator University of Iowa http:// itaccessibility.uiowa.edu. The Line on Accessibility. As many as 1 in 5 web users may experience accessibility issues

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Website Accessibility Testing

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  1. Website Accessibility Testing Todd M. Weissenberger Web Accessibility Coordinator University of Iowa http://itaccessibility.uiowa.edu

  2. The Line on Accessibility • As many as 1 in 5 web users may experience accessibility issues • Accessibility strategies often provide a concrete response to universal usability issues • Guidelines and tools exist to assist designers and developers • Web standards • Accessibility Legislation • Development and Evaluation Tools • End-User technologies • Tools can indicate the presence of accessibility barriers • Human testing is a necessary part of accessibility testing

  3. An Accessibility Assessment can… • Provide insight into your site’s accessibility • Generate a roadmap of corrective tasks • Expose non-standard practices and outcomes • Help you understand your site’s core functions in a deeper context

  4. Site Assessments • Self-Assessment • Performed by site managers prior to initial Web Accessibility Evaluation • Addresses “low-hanging fruit” and common compliance flags • Likely to catch numerous occurrences of non-conforming code • Site assessment by ITS Web Accessibility Coordinator • Automated evaluation tool • Recommendations and best practices • Assistance with remediation/rebuilding

  5. Evaluation Scope: the 3 C’s • Content • Site segments • Content types (HTML, PDF, Media, Office) • Criteria • Guidelines, standards, policy • Tasks, outcomes • Conformance • Essential conformance (Yea/Nay) • Detailed review (number of issues, where they are located) • In-depth analysis (remediation/repair options)

  6. What to check • What content do you want to test? • Top 20% of visited content • Content that supports core function of unit • Content with an accommodation request • What file types are involved? • Can content be presented in alternative formats? • What content is under review? • Remediate • Rebuild • Discard

  7. What to look for • Text Alternatives • Keyboard Operability • Document Structure/Heading Levels • CSS Contrast/Element Styles • Forms • Tables

  8. What to use • Online Tools • WAVE • FAE • Juicy Studio • Plug-Ins and Extensions • Web Developer • WAVE • Web Accessibility (FAE) • Juicy Studio • FANGS • Web Accessibility Toolbar • Manual examination • Title and heading text • Visual focus indicators • Script and timing control • Client-side forms validation • Indicating changes in language • Multimedia captioning checks

  9. Types of Assessment • Automated assessment • Covers a lot of ground • Yields objective results • Defined by the tool’s algorithms • Manual assessment • Covers ground more slowly • Results may be informed by user experience • Task and process based

  10. Text Alternatives • ALT text provided for images • ALT text accurately conveys meaning and function • Empty ALT attributes employed for decorative images • Links containing images and text are combined into a single link • Text alternatives to non-text content • Links and other ALT content provided for embedded objects • CAPTCHAs are visually accessible • FRAME and IFRAME use the TITLE attribute

  11. Missing or questionable ALT text (WAVE)

  12. Missing or questionable ALT text (WAT)

  13. Keyboard Accessibility • All content and functionality are available using the keyboard • Keyboard event handlers are equivalent to mouse handlers • No keyboard traps exist • Objects are highlighted onfocus • Custom key shortcuts don’t conflict with the parent application or operating system

  14. Document Structure/Heading Levels • Pages use an appropriate DTD • All pages include a descriptive <title> • Pages include appropriate meta information • Page language identified by the LANG attribute • Changes in human language are indicated by the use of the LANG attribute

  15. Document Structure/Heading Levels • Pages use an appropriate DTD • All pages include a descriptive <title> • Pages include appropriate meta information • Page language identified by the LANG attribute • Changes in human language are indicated by the use of the LANG attribute

  16. FAE Toolbar: Missing DTD, Title, and LANG

  17. Heading Levels • Open page or document • In WAVE toolbar, select Outline • In Web Accessibility toolbar, select Information >> View Document Outline • Questions: • Does heading structure skip levels? • Does page include <h1>? • Are there <h2> elements preceding navigation lists?

  18. Visual Appearance

  19. Broken Heading Structure (WAT)

  20. CSS, Contrast and Text Size • Color contrast ratios • 4.5:1 (14 point text or smaller) • 3:1 (larger than 14 point) • Font sizes described in em, % or names • Text in form inputs is scalable • Pages equally legible when style sheets are omitted

  21. CSS • Open the page or document • In WAVE toolbar, select Disable Styles • In Web Accessibility toolbar, select CSS >> Disable Styles >> Disable All Styles • Questions: • Is page still legible? • Does the page order make sense?

  22. Color Contrast • Open Colour Contrast Analyser • Use eyedropper to select foreground/background colors • Results visible in CCA • Questions: • Does large text meet contrast standards? • Does small text meet contrast standards?

  23. Colour Contrast Analyser

  24. Text Size • Open the page or document • Firefox • Select VIEW >> ZOOM TEXT ONLY • Increase Zoom (Win: Ctrl ++, Mac: Cmd ++) • Internet Explorer • Select VIEW >> TEXT SIZE >> LARGEST • Questions: • Does text zoom at all? • Does text remain legible within page layout? • Are form inputs scalable?

  25. Text Zooming in Firefox

  26. Forms • Form inputs accompanied by <label> OR use the TITLE attribute • Forms are keyboard operable • Users can review and correct inputs before submitting form • Form validation and alert include descriptions of errors • Form validation and alert are interactive for users of assistive technologies

  27. Check Form Labels • Web Accessibility Toolbar • Select Forms >> View Form Information • All input elements should have ID attributes, and be accompanied by labels • WAVE • Run Errors, Features, and Alerts report • Note missing label tags positioned next to form inputs

  28. Missing Form Labels: Web Accessibility Toolbar

  29. Missing Form Labels: WAVE

  30. Data Tables • Tables are not used for page layout • Tables use <th> and <td> to structure and present data • Table headers include SCOPE and ID attributes • Data cells include HEADERS attribute • Tables include CAPTION and SUMMARY

  31. FAE: Table construction

  32. Dynamic Content • Content that updates automatically can be user-controlled • Content that updates automatically uses ARIA alert or live role to notify user as appropriate • User can obtain extension for timed events

  33. Multimedia • Captioning and Transcripts • Synchronized delivery • Searchable • Keyboard operable

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