The Big Picture: American Interest Group System

2. 15 Interest Groups

3. Video: The Big Picture 15 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch15_Interest_Groups_Seg1_v2.html

4. 15 Learning Objectives Trace the roots of the American interest group system 15.1 Describe the historical development of American interest groups 15.2

5. 15 Learning Objectives Identify several strategies and tactics used by organized interests 15.3 Analyze the factors that make an interest group successful 15.4

6. 15 Learning Objectives Explain reform efforts geared toward regulating interest groups and lobbyists 15.5

7. Video: The Basics 15 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg2_InterestGroups_v2.html

8. 15.1 Roots of the American Interest Group System • Theories of Interest Group Formation • Kinds of Organized Interests

9. Pluralist Theory Political power distributed among groups Disturbance Theory Groups form in response to change Transactions Theory Public policy results from transactions among political players 15.1 Theories of Interest Group Formation

10. Public Interest Groups Seek a collective good Economic Interest Groups Promote the economic interests of their members Governmental Units State and local governments lobby, too Political Action Committees Officially registered fundraising organizations that represent interest groups 15.1 Kinds of Interest Groups

11. 15.1 TABLE 15.1: What are the Characteristics of Selected Interest Groups?

12. Video: In Context 15.1 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg3_InterestGroups_v2.html

13. Video: In the Real World 15.1 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg5_InterestGroups_v2.html

14. 15.2 The Development of American Interest Groups • National Groups Emerge (1830-1889) • The Progressive Era (1890-1920) • The Rise of the Interest Group State

15. 15.2 National Groups Emerge • American Anti-Slavery Society • One of the first national groups • Women’s Christian Temperance Union • Sought Prohibition • The Grange • Educated farmers and sought legislation • Business Interests • Standard Oil • Railroad

16. 15.2 The Grange

17. Organized Labor American Federation of Labor Clayton Act – allowed unions to strike Business Groups and Trade Associations National Association of Manufacturers Chamber of Commerce 15.2 The Progressive Era

18. Conservative Response: Religious and Ideological Groups Moral Majority, Christian Coalition and the National Rifle Association Business Groups, Corporations, and Associations Chamber of Commerce, Business Roundtable Organized Labor American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations 15.2 The Rise of the Interest Group State

19. 15.2 How is the face of union membership changing?

20. 15.3 What Do Interest Groups Do? • Lobbying • Election Activities

21. Lobbying Congress Lobbying the Executive Branch Lobbying the Courts Grassroots Lobbying Protests and Radical Activism 15.3 Lobbying

22. Video: Thinking Like a Political Scientist 15.3 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/Seg4_InterestGroups_v2.html

23. 15.3 FIGURE 15.1: How Many Lobbyists Are There? How Much Do They Spend?

24. 15.3 What Role Do Lobbyists Play in Congress?

25. 15.3 Election Activities • Candidate recruitment and endorsements • Getting out the vote • Rating the candidates or office holders • Campaign contributions

26. 15.3 FIGURE 15.2: How Much Money Do Interest Groups Spend on Elections?

27. 15.4 What Makes Interest Groups Successful? • Leaders • Funding and Patrons • Members

28. The fate of interest groups may rest with their leaders William Lloyd Garrison Frances Willard Marian Wright Edelman Pat Robertson 15.4 Leaders

29. 15.4 Who are interest group leaders?

30. Revenue to cover costs Membership dues Direct-mail solicitations Special events Patrons 15.4 Funding and Patrons

31. Levels of membership Leadership Working members Dues-paying members “free-riders” Variety of benefits AAA - roadside assistance AARP - discounts 15.4 Members

32. 15.4 How Do Interest Groups Convince Potential Members to Become Dues-Paying Members?

33. 15.5 Toward reform: Regulating Interest Groups and Lobbyists • Regulating Congressional Lobbyists • Regulating Executive Branch Lobbyists • Regulating Judicial Branch Lobbyists

34. Federal Regulation of Lobbying Act (1946) Required registration of lobbyists Lobbying Disclosure Act (1995) Stricter definition of lobbying Tougher registration requirements Report clients and issues Estimate amount paid by clients Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007 Bans on gifts; longer waiting periods 15.5 Regulating Congressional Lobbyists

35. Executive Branch Lobbying Disclosure Act Honest Leadership and Open Government Act 1978 Ethics in Government Act Judicial Branch Few formal regulations Amicus curiae is chief tool 15.5 Regulating Executive and Judicial Branch Lobbyists

36. Video: So What? 15 http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ph/hss/SSA_SHARED_MEDIA_1/polisci/presidency/OConner_Ch15_Interest_Groups_Seg6_v2.html