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Essence of the Research

Creating Creativity: User Interfaces for Supporting Innovation by Ben Schneiderman DCS 891C Michael Klein. Essence of the Research.

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Essence of the Research

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  1. Creating Creativity: User Interfaces for Supporting InnovationbyBen SchneidermanDCS 891C Michael Klein

  2. Essence of the Research • This article offers a four-phase framework that might assist designers in providing effective computer tools which support creativity. • “The proposals in this article are intended to support creative, not merely original, work.”

  3. Three Perspectives of Creativity • Inspirationalist • Structuralist • Situationalist

  4. Inspirationalist • Emphasizes “Aha!” moments – breakthrough magically appears. • Believes luck favors the prepared mind – research leads to problem formulation and evaluation. • Think…”discovery”

  5. Structuralist • Emphasizes orderly approaches to creativity. • Studies previous work and uses methodological techniques to explore the possible solutions exhaustively. • Uses orderly methods (e.g. understanding the problem, devising a plan, carrying out the plan, looking back). • Uses models. • Think…Modeling

  6. Situationalist • Emphasises social and intellectual context. • Talks about influence of family, teachers, peers, mentors. • Needs access to previous work in the domain, consultation with members in the field, and dissemination of results to members in the field. • Think…Patterns.

  7. The Moral Dilemma “The moral dilemma of a technology innovator remains troublesome: how can I ensure that the systems I envision will bring greater benefits than the negative side effects that I dread and those that I fail to anticipate?”

  8. GENEX: A four-phase framework • Genex stands for generator of excellence. • This new framework is built upon two previous efforts. • This effort expands on the original frameworks and adds eight activities to the framework.

  9. Genex Phase Primary Activity (but can be used at any phase) Searching and browsing digital libraries (inspirationalist) Visualizing data and processes (inspirationalist/structuralist) Consulting with peers and mentors (situationalist) Thinking by free association (inspirationalist) Exploring solutions – What if tools (structuralist) Composing artifacts and performances (structuralist) Reviewing and replaying session histories (situationalist) Disseminating results (all) Collect Relate Create Donate

  10. Searching and Browsing Digital Libraries • Need improvements to existing Web search engines (e.g. relevance ranking) • Need rapid browsing

  11. Visualizing Data and Processes • Visualization of digital library information (e.g. Spotfire). • Visualization of financial information, scientific data, medical histories, • Products need smooth integration (e.g. results of web search into a visualization filtered into graphs or pictures placed into a document.)

  12. Consulting with Peers or Mentors • Async (e.g. email, listservs, newsgroups) • Synch (e.g. phone calls, videoconferencing, chats, software sharing) • Need ways to allay concerns about who gets credit for the work, non-disclosure, withholding of ideas.

  13. Thinking by Free Association • Brainstorming • IdeaFisher • Computerized thesauri • TheBrain • MindManager

  14. What – if Tools • Spreadsheets • Flight simulators • Flow models • Weather models • Simulation models • Need to remember genex framework and requirement for integration and dissemination

  15. Composing Artifacts and Performances • Exemplars • Templates • Standardized processes (e.g. Windows Wizards) • MS Office, Adobe PhotoDeluxe • Composition support tools (e.g. spelling and grammar checkers)

  16. Reviewing and Replaying Session Histories • Recording step-by-step user actions. • Need to be compact, comprehensible, and useful. • Can be used and sold as “Best in Class” solutions.

  17. Disseminating Results • Email, listservs, digital libraries, Web. • Readers of papers. • Discussion groups. • Seminars and Conferences.

  18. Genex Phase Primary Activity (but can be used at any phase) Searching and browsing digital libraries (inspirationalist) Visualizing data and processes (inspirationalist/structuralist) Consulting with peers and mentors (situationalist) Thinking by free association (inspirationalist) Exploring solutions – What if tools (structuralist) Composing artifacts and performances (structuralist) Reviewing and replaying session histories (situationalist) Disseminating results (all) Collect Relate Create Donate

  19. Significance of the Work • Provides a general framework for creating new tools to enhance user creativity • Provides references of predecessor frameworks. • Lists shortcomings of the framework. • Lists areas for future tool development.

  20. The Impact of the World Wide Web on Idea GenerationbyMasseti, White and Spitler

  21. Findings • Categories of items were most relevant to idea generation. • User perception was that the WWW was helpful in idea generation. • Actually, searching the web led to the discovery of new categories, which caused the users to shift their focus. This caused the belief that the WWW was helpful.

  22. Future Research • Any of the eight listed activities lends itself to future research and development. • Create new tools. • Revise and enhance the Genex framework. • Can machines become creative? • What could a creative machine do?

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