Guided Notes on Cell Parts Fill in the blanks on your Sheet

1. Guided Notes on Cell Parts Fill in the blanks on your Sheet Use the Red Words to fill in your sheet

2. Georgia Biology Standard 1 element a

3. Cells can be broken up into two very broad categories • Prokaryotic Cells • Cells that lack a nucleus • Lack membrane bound organelles • Eukaryotic Cells • Cell that have a nucleus • Cell that have membrane bound organelles.

4. Out of the two…. • Prokaryotic cells are the SIMPLEST • All prokaryotic cells are only one cell • Prokaryotic cells are bacteria cells • The pre-fix pro means before or prior • The term karyo means nucleus • Eukaryotic Cell are the more complex out of the two • Plants and Animal (There are more)

5. Eukaryotic Cells continued…. • The term EU means True • The term Karyo means nucleus

6. Eukaryotic cells organelles • The more advanced _____________ contain _______________that allow the specialization and separation of functions within the cell. There are 2 types of __________________, __________________________ and ________________________________ cells. All 3 cells share some cell parts. Some cell parts are only found in plant cells. Some cell parts are only found in animal cells. Eukaryotic cells Plants cells Animal cells

7. Plasma Membrane • The Plasma Membrane surrounds the outside of the cell. • The Plasma Membrane regulates what compounds move in or out of the cell. • Found in ALL CELLS

8. Cell wall • The Cell Wall is a cellulose layer that surrounds the plasma membrane of prokaryotes and plant cells. • It provides a rigid protection and shape for the cell.

9. Centrioles • Centrioles occur in pairs just outside the nucleus of animal cells. • Centrioles play a major role in cell division.

10. Chloroplast • Chloroplasts contain chlorophyll and are the site of photosynthesis and ATP production in autotrophic plant cells. • Chloroplasts are the green oval membrane-bound organelles that are only found in plant cells.

11. Chromatin • Chromatin allows DNA to fit inside a cell. • Along with DNA it is also contains proteins. • Chromatin is found in all cells.

12. Cytoplasm • Cytoplasm is all the contents of a cell within the plasma membrane except the nucleus and its contents. • Found in all cells.

13. Cytoskeleton • The cytoskeleton is a tube-like structure made from proteins that are contained within all cells’ cytoplasm. • The cytoskeleton maintains cell shape.

14. Endoplasmic Reticulum • The Endoplasmic Reticulum is like a long piece of string that is looped back and forth inside the cell. • The Endoplasmic Reticulum is connected to the Nuclear membrane and acts like a conveyer belt. • It helps moveRibosomes and compounds around the cell.

15. Flagellum • Flagellum is a long, threadlike appendage, especially a whip like extension of certain cells. • It functions as an organ of locomotion.

16. Golgi Apparatus • The Golgi Apparatus only has a single membrane. • It is a series of flattened stacks that are surrounded by smaller stacks. • The Golgi Apparatus makes Vesicles for proteins and other compounds.

17. Lysosome • Lysosomes contain hydrolytic enzymes that digest or break down molecules such as proteins. • Lysosomes help with digestion. • Lysosomes are not commonly found in plant cells.

18. Mitochondria • Mitochondria are the cells power plant. • They use oxygen to chemically burn sugar and provide energy for the cell. • The bean shaped Mitochondria float in the cytoplasm.

19. Nucleolus • The Nucleolus is located in the center of the Nucleus. • Ribosomes are made in the Nucleolus.

20. Nucleus • The Nucleus is a organelle containing Chromatin, a term applied to all the chromosomes and the Nucleolus. • The Nucleus is the control center of the cell.

21. Nuclear Membrane • The Nuclear Envelopeseparates the Nucleus from the Cytoplasm. • The Nuclear Membrane regulates what moves in and out of the Nucleus.

22. Ribosomes • Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and they are not membrane-bound. • They synthesize proteins by putting together amino acids. • Ribosomes are small black dots appearing inside the cytoplasm and on the Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum.

23. Vacuole • Vacuoles tend to be large in plant cells. • They are membrane-bound, fluid-filled sac inside plant and animal cells. • Vacuoles also store nutrients and waste.

24. Vesicle • Vesicles are circular bubbles of liquids within the cytoplasm. • The cell forms membrane-enclosed sacks that can store or transport substances.