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Multi-Layer Analysis of Web Browsing Performance for Wireless PDAs

This presentation explores the performance of web browsing on wireless PDAs, analyzing data at the HTTP, TCP, MAC, and error levels. It identifies key issues and proposes future research areas.

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Multi-Layer Analysis of Web Browsing Performance for Wireless PDAs

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  1. Multi-Layer Analysis of Web Browsing Performance for Wireless PDAs Adesola Omotayo & Carey Williamson January 6, 2020

  2. Presentation Outline • Introduction & Motivation • Related Work • Data Gathering & Validation • HTTP-level Analysis • TCP-level Analysis • MAC-level & Error Analysis • Summary • Future Work

  3. Introduction & Motivation • Widespread availability of WiFi hot spots • Limited understanding of multi-layer protocol interactions over IEEE 802.11b WLAN • Crucial to understand the performance of the wireless Web

  4. Related Work • Workload of clients at wireline networks • Client-based • “Changes in Web Client Access Patterns”,P. Barford, A. Bestavros, A. Bradley, and M. Crovella, 1999 • Server-based • “Internet Web Servers: Workload Characterization and Performance Implications”,M. Arlitt and C. Williamson, October 1997 • Proxy-based • “On the Scale and Performance of Cooperative Web Proxy Caching”,A. Wolman, G. Voelker, N. Sharma, N. Cardwell, A. Karlin, and H. Levy, December 1999 • Workload of wireless clients • Local-area • “Analysis of a Local-Area Wireless Network”, D. Tang and M. Baker, August 2000 • Campus-area • “Analysis of a Campus-Wide Wireless Network”, D. Kotz and K. Essien, September 2002 • Metropolitan-area • “Analysis of a Metropolitan-Area Wireless Network”, D. Tang and M. Baker, August 1999

  5. Internet Wired Network Access Point Wireless Sniffer Wireless Client Data Gathering & Validation • Selected websites • news, yellow pages, driving directions, stock quotes, educational resources, and downloadable PDA software • Over a period of 35 minutes • 398 TCP connections • 1.8% with expected FIN handshake • 96.5% used the RST packet • 1.7% unsuccessful connections A very simple workload AP: Netgear WAB 102 PDA: Compaq iPAQ 3600 Pocket PC, Windows CE, IE, MTU size of 1500 bytes Wireless Sniffer: Sniffer Pro 4.60.01, microsecond resolution timestamps

  6. HTTP-level Analysis Server Response Time distinct plateaus consistent server response time response times < 200 ms Network RTT dominates the response latency Cache per-destination state information

  7. HTTP-level Analysis Web Object Sizes • object sizes: 90% < 10 KB 2.5% > 40 KB • file types: most prevalent: GIF, JPG & HTML Least prevalent: PNG • largest objects transferred: executables Cache contents from wireless portals on Proxy Servers Increase support for PNG file type across browsers Compress executable files to be more compact

  8. HTTP-level Analysis HTTP Transfer Time • HTTP transfers 96% < 1 second 2.5% > 2 seconds • larger objects take longer to download • few small objects have excessively long transfer times HTTP transfer times are generally low Most responses fit in a single TCP packet

  9. TCP-level Analysis TCP Connection Type 13% were persistent 87% were non-persistent 4% of TCP connections sent > 10 HTTP requests 65% of HTTP transfers occurred on persistent connections As much as 73 HTTP requests were seen per connection Use persistent connections for all web sites

  10. TCP-level Analysis TCP Connection Duration 75% sent < 20 packets 6% sent > 100 packets 80% sent < 10 KB 8% sent > 50 KB 75% lasted < 1 second 10% lasted > 30 seconds 4 connections lasted > 300 sec. Most TCP connections are non-persistent Most web object transfers are small Tightly set the persistent connection timeout

  11. Distribution of TCP Connection Throughput 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Frequency in Percent 0 0 2000004000006000008000001e+061.2e+06 Connection Throughput in bits per second (bps) TCP-level Analysis TCP Connection Throughput 95% < 400 Kbps Non-persistent TCP connections Small HTTP transfer size Non-negligible RTTs TCP slow start effects

  12. MAC-level & Error Analysis MAC-level Retransmissions CRC Errors 3% of the packets 40% of the connections most retry attempts for a packet: 6 0.04% of the packets TCP-level Retransmissions HTTP-level Errors 0.2% of the packets 12 TCP connections 2 connection have > 3 packet loss Unsuccessful: 1% Successful: 96.74% Aborted: 2.26% Wireless channel quality does not have a major impact on wireless Web browsing performance

  13. Summary (1 of 2)

  14. Summary (2 of 2)

  15. Future Work • Expand the work to a large scale traffic measurement • Study the effect of interference and range overlapping among closely located APs

  16. References • M. Arlitt and C. Williamson, “Internet Web Servers: Workload Characterization and Performance Implications”, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 631-645, October 1997. • P. Barford, A. Bestavros, A. Bradley, and M. Crovella, “Changes in Web Client Access Patterns”, World Wide Web Journal, 1999. • D. Kotz and K. Essien, “Analysis of a Campus-Wide Wireless Network”, Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, Atlanta, GA, pp. 107-118, September 2002. • D. Tang and M. Baker, “Analysis of a Metropolitan-Area Wireless Network”, Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, Seattle, WA, pp. 13-23, August 1999. • D. Tang and M. Baker, “Analysis of a Local-Area Wireless Network”, Proceedings of ACM MOBICOM, Boston, MA, pp. 1-10, August 2000. • A. Wolman, G. Voelker, N. Sharma, N. Cardwell, A. Karlin, and H. Levy, “On the Scale and Performance of Cooperative Web Proxy Caching”, Proceedings of ACM SOSP, December 1999.

  17. Thank You! ?

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