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Dangerous Plants: Identification and Symptoms

Learn about various poisonous plants, their toxic components, and associated symptoms. Discover how ingestion can affect different organs and the onset of toxicity. Be informed and stay safe around dangerous flora.

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Dangerous Plants: Identification and Symptoms

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  1. Poisonous Plants S. David Baker, R.Ph., CSPI Central Texas Poison Control Center Scott & White Memorial Hospital

  2. Oxalate Containing Plants • Rhubarb • Dieffenbachia • Caladium • Philodendron • Oxalis • Calla Lily • Jack-in-the-pulpit • Others

  3. Rhubarb

  4. Dieffenbachia

  5. Dieffenbachia

  6. Philodendron

  7. Jack-in-the-pulpit

  8. Oxalate • Needle like crystals • Edema of mouth, tongue, and throat • Ingestion of larger quantities can lead to multi-organ damage. Renal, Hepatic, Myocardial, Brain, and GI

  9. Cardiac Glycoside Plants • Oleander • Lily of the Valley • Foxglove

  10. Oleander

  11. Oleander

  12. Lily of the Valley

  13. Foxglove

  14. Cardiac Glycoside Plants • Just like Digoxin • Bradycardia with AV block • Hypotension • Lethargy • Dizziness • GI upset

  15. Solanine containing Plants • Potato • Black Nightshade • Jerusalem Cherry

  16. Potato

  17. Black Nightshade

  18. Jerusalem Cherry

  19. Solanine • N / V / D, headache • Drowsiness • Coma • Onset - 2 - 24 hours • Duration - up to 3 days • Plants can also be anticholinergics

  20. Anticholinergic Plants • Belladona • Datura • Angel’s Trumpet • Jimson weed • Thorn Apple • Henbane

  21. Belladonna

  22. Jimson Weed

  23. Jimson Weed

  24. Jimson Weed Seeds

  25. Henbane

  26. Anticholinergics • Hyperthermia, flushing • Dry mucus membranes • Mydriasis • Tachycardia • Decreased GI motility • Urinary retention • Delirium, hallucinations, CNS depression

  27. Cyanogenic Glycosides • Almond • Peach • Plum • Cherry • Apple • Clover • Others

  28. Cyanogenic

  29. Cyanogenic Glycosides • Usually only a problem if you make a meal out of them • 1 - 2 seeds are not a problem • Enzymatic breakdown in GI leads to toxicity • Onset 30 minutes to 2 hours • Respiratory distress, syncope, coma, seizures follow GI symptoms.

  30. Other Plants • Castor Beans • Rosary Beans • Poinsetta • Ganja • Lantana • Nicotiana • Poison Ivy

  31. Castor Bean Plant

  32. Castor Beans

  33. Rosary bean

  34. Castor Bean ToxicityRosary Bean Toxicity • Beans are very hard and only toxic if chewed • GI effects within 6 hours, cause gastric lesions, looks like alkaline burns • 2 - 5 days after exposure - cytotoxic effects - Liver, Kidney, Brain

  35. Poinsettia

  36. Poinsettia • Causes severe stomach irritation • Lots of Nausea and Vomiting • Not considered toxic • Dehydration • Electrolyte imbalances

  37. Ganja

  38. Lantana

  39. Lantana • Unripe berries are the most toxic • Lantadene - atropine like substance • Anticholinergic poisoning

  40. Nicotiana tabacum

  41. Nicotine • GI upset - N / V • Onset in 15 - 60 minutes • Duration 3 - 12 hours • Increase in heart rate and blood pressure then irregular pulse and hypotension • Tremors and seizures

  42. Poison Ivy

  43. Other plants • Water Hemlock • Poke Weed

  44. Water Hemlock

  45. Water Hemlock • Mydriasis • Tachycardia • Seizures - Onset 5 minutes to 2 hours • Salivation, gastritis, diarrhea, emesis • Rhabdomyolysis, and renal failure • Metabolic acidosis • Strychnine like substance

  46. Poke Weed

  47. Poke weed • Mostly GI effects • Onset 30 minutes to 5 hours • Duration - 1 to 48 hours • Headache • Weakness • Seizures • Coma

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