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Virtual Infrastructure

Virtual Infrastructure. C27_B259,  MSCS building, UNE, Armidale, NSW, Australia on Friday, 25th May 2007 from 12 to 1pm.

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Virtual Infrastructure

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  1. Virtual Infrastructure C27_B259,  MSCS building, UNE, Armidale, NSW, Australia on Friday, 25th May 2007 from 12 to 1pm. by Dr. Charles R. WatsonSchool of Maths, Stats and Computer ScienceUniversity of New England, Armidale NSW 2351URL: http://mcs.une.edu.au/~cwatson7/I/VirtualInfrastructure.ppt

  2. Overview • Digital Communications Technology • Voice over IP • Integrity and Availability • Security • Discussion: cost-neutral improvement of our virtual infrastructure Virtual Infrastructure

  3. Transmission Media Virtual Infrastructure

  4. Wireless LAN Architecture Virtual Infrastructure

  5. Ethernet: CSMA/CD Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection Virtual Infrastructure

  6. Protocol Analyzers Traffic displayed by protocol type Virtual Infrastructure

  7. Wide Area Network Virtual Infrastructure

  8. Gateways Virtual Infrastructure

  9. Client/Server Communication Virtual Infrastructure

  10. Satellite Internet Access Virtual Infrastructure

  11. Satellite Internet Access (continued) Dial return satellite Internet service Virtual Infrastructure

  12. WAN Technologies Compared Virtual Infrastructure

  13. WAN Technologies Compared (continued) Virtual Infrastructure

  14. Voice-over-IP • Cisco AS5300 is the core AARNet Gateway. • Voice card for Cisco 3660 • Skype is a peer-to-peerInternet telephonynetwork founded by the Niklas Zennström. • It competes against existing open VoIP protocols such as SIP, IAX, and H.323. • Rapid growth in free and paid services. • Features include • free voice and video conferencing, • its ability to use peer to peer (decentralized) technology to overcome common firewall and NAT (Network address translation) problems Virtual Infrastructure

  15. VoIP (continued) Accessing a VoIP network from traditional telephones Virtual Infrastructure

  16. VoIP (continued) Accessing a VoIP network from IP phones Virtual Infrastructure

  17. Internet Group Management Protocol • Network layer protocol that manages multicasting allowing one node to send data to defined group of nodes • Routers use IGMP to determine which nodes belong to multicast group and to transmit data to all nodes in that group • IGMP can be used for online video and gaming, and allows more efficient use of resources • UDP - User (Unreliable) Datagram Protocol is faster and more efficient than TCP for lightweight or time-sensitive purposes, e.g. IPTV, audio-visual streaming media Virtual Infrastructure

  18. Real world example http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streaming_media • One hour of video encoded at 300 kbit/s (this is a typical broadband video for 2005 and it's usually encoded in a 320×240 pixels window size) will be: • (3,600 s · 300 kbit/s) / 8,388.608 = 128.7 MiB of storage • If the file is stored on a server for on-demand streaming. If this stream is viewed by 1,000 people using a Unicast protocol, you would need • 300 kbit/s · 1,000 = 300,000 kbit/s = 300 Mbit/s of bandwidth • This is equivalent to 125.73 GiB per hour. Of course, using a Multicast protocol the server sends out only a single stream that is common to all users. Hence, such a stream would only use 300 kbit/s of bandwidth. Virtual Infrastructure

  19. Integrity and Availability • Integrity refers to the soundness of network files, systems, and connections • Fault tolerance is a system’s capacity to continue performing despite unexpected hardware or software malfunction • A UPS is a battery power source that prevents undesired features of the power source from harming the device or interrupting its services • Backup rotation provides excellent data reliability without overtaxing network or requiring much intervention • Disaster recovery is the process of restoring critical functionality and data after an enterprise-wide outage • Critical servers often contain redundant NICs, processors, and/or hard disks to provide better fault tolerance • Server mirroring involves utilizing a second, identical server to duplicate the transactions and data storage of one server • Clustering links multiple servers together to act as a single server Virtual Infrastructure

  20. Redundant Array of Independent (or Inexpensive) Disks RAID Level 5—disk striping with distributed parity Virtual Infrastructure

  21. Fully redundant T1 connectivity Redundancy provides load balancing and fault tolerance. Virtual Infrastructure

  22. Security • Choosing secure passwords is one of the easiest and least expensive ways to guard against unauthorized access. • A security policy identifies an organization’s security goals, risks, levels of authority, designated security coordinator and team members, responsibilities for each team member and each employee, and strategies for addressing security breaches. • A firewall is a specialized device that selectively filters or blocks traffic between networks. • A proxy service is a software application on a network host that acts as an intermediary between the external and internal networks, screening all incoming and outgoing traffic. Virtual Infrastructure

  23. Physical Security Badge access security system Virtual Infrastructure

  24. Authentication A RADIUS server providing centralized authentication Virtual Infrastructure

  25. Domains = Organizational Units Virtual Infrastructure

  26. Trust Relationships Virtual Infrastructure

  27. Trust Relationships (continued) Explicit one-way trust between domains in different trees Virtual Infrastructure

  28. Public Key Encryption Virtual Infrastructure

  29. Proxy Servers A proxy server used on a WAN Virtual Infrastructure

  30. Network Address Translation Virtual Infrastructure

  31. Deep packet inspection http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_packet_inspection • Deep packet inspection (DPI) is a form of computer networkpacket filtering that examines the data part of a through-passing packet, searching for non-protocol compliance or predefined criteria to decide if the packet can pass. This is in contrast to shallow packet inspection (usually called just packet inspection) which just checks the header portion of a packet. • DPI devices have the ability to look at Layer 2 through Layer 7 of the OSI model. This includes headers and data protocol structures. The DPI will identify and classify the traffic based on a signature database • A classified packet can be redirected, marked/tagged (see QoS), blocked, rate limited, and of course, reported to a reporting agent in the network. • Many DPI devices identify flows rather than a packet by packet analysis. • DPI allows phone and cable companies to "readily know the packets of information you are receiving online--from e-mail, to websites, to sharing of music, video and software downloads"[1] . • DPI is also increasingly being used in security devices to analyze flows, compare them against policy, and then treat the traffic appropriately (i.e., block, allow, rate limit, tag for priority, mirror to another device for more analysis or reporting). Virtual Infrastructure

  32. Project Management Virtual Infrastructure

  33. NCRIS National Collaborative Research Infrastructure Strategy (NCRIS) projects http://www.ncris.dest.gov.au/ • 5.16 Platforms for collaboration • 5.16.1 Data access and discovery, storage and management • 5.16.2 Grid enabled technologies and infrastructure • 5.16.3 Technical expertise • 5.16.4 High performance computing • 5.16.5 High capacity communications networks "Platforms for Collaboration" will develop our strengths in other NCRIS categories: • Evolving Bio-molecular Platforms and Informatics • Integrated Biological Systems • Biotechnology Products • Networked Bio-security Framework • Structure and Evolution of the Australian Continent • Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network • Population health and clinical data linkage Virtual Infrastructure

  34. Discussion Future virtual infrastructure • Email spam • voice-over-IP • multicasting • firewall configuration • federated identity management • intellectual property protection • cost-neutral deployment • rapid obsolescence Virtual Infrastructure

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