继续教育学院

1. 继续教育学院 School of Continuing Education, Jilin University 大学英语（二） 授课教师：张绪忠

2. New Practical English—Comprehensive, Book 2 Network Education College Jilin University Unit 2 Emails Focal points 1. what is email? 2. abbreviatioins in communication online 3. email format and requirements 4. email language features and email sample 5. information of online growth: Online Growth Continued 6. noun clauses

3. 1. What is email ?(知识点1：什么是邮件) • Email is a shorthand term meaning Electronic Mail. Email is much the same as a letter, only that it is exchanged in a different way. Email uses the SMTP protocol suite to send email messages via mail transfer agents. The first thing you need to send and recieve emails is an email address. When you create an account with a Internet Service Provider; they usually provide customers with a free email address. If this isn't the case, then you can create an email address / account at web sites such as yahoo, hotmail. • SMTP（Simple Mail Transfer Protocol）即简单邮件传输协议, • protocol suite：协议组，协议套

4. Outlook Express是Microsoft自带的一种电子邮件，简称为OE， • Email clients(客户端) - such as Outlook Express, shown above - typically have four main fields: From:; To:; Cc:; and Subject:. The From: and To: fields are somewhat self explanatory; the Cc: field is used to send a message to muliple(多个的) additional addresses; the subject field is used to describe what is included in the body of the message.

5. 2. abbreviations and slang (知识点2：网上缩略语) • Internet slang originated in the early days of the Internet with some terms predating the Internet. Internet slang is used in chat rooms, social networks, online games, video games and in the online community. • Letter homophones(Homophone: a word pronounced the same as another but differing in meaning同音异义) is the popular way to creat some internet slang or abbreviations. Included within this group are abbreviations and acronyms. An abbreviation is a shortening of a word, for example “CU” or “CYA” for “see you (see you again)”. An acronym, on the other hand, is a subset of abbreviations and are formed from the initial components of a word(首字母缩略词). Examples of common acronyms include "LOL" for "laugh out loud" or "lots of love" and "BTW" for "by the way".

6. Some typical abbreviations • BS big smile • NOYB none of your buisness • 4ever forever • TTYL talk to you later • BFN bye for now • FTTB for the time being • CWYL chat with you later • IYSS if you say so • LTNS long time no see • 4U for you • BBL be back later • GL good luck • SUP What’s up? • TCOY Take care of yourself

7. More examples for abbrevations • Q：Cute 的音译，可爱。 • FT：分特，Faint的缩写，昏倒、晕厥之意。 SP：support，支持。 PK：player kill。 BRB：Be right back，马上回来。 TTYL：Talk to you later，回头再谈。 BBL：Be back later，过会儿就回。 PPL：people，人们。 PLZ：please，请，也有缩写成PLS。 RUOK：Are you OK? IOWAN2BWU：I only want to be with you。 M＄ULKeCraZ：Miss you like crazy。 IMHO：In my humble opinion。

8. 3 email format and requirements（知识点3：邮件格式及要求） • three basic requirements for email format • clarity • conciseness • being correct

9. Use a neutral e-mail address • Your e-mail address should be a variation of your real name, not a username or nickname. Use periods, hyphens, or underscores to secure an e-mail address • 1. variation: A variation on something is the same thing presented in a slightly different form. （同一事物略微的）变化形式 • 2. hyphen:连字符, e-mail • 3. underscore: 下划线, E_mail • 4. secure: make st safe

10. Use a short and accurate subject header. • Avoid saying too much in the subject header, but make sure it reflects the content of your email to a person unfamiliar with you. If possible, include a keyword that will make the email content easier to remember and/or search for in a crowded inbox. For example, “Meeting on March 12th” is specific enough that the email topic won’t be mistaken for anything else • 1. reflect: show The teacher’s attitude reflected that he had decided to give up. • 2. inbox: 收件箱

11. Use a proper salutation • Addressing the recipient by name is preferred. Use the person's title (Mr. Mrs. Ms. or Dr.) with their last name, followed by a comma or a colon. Optionally, you can precede the salutation with "Dear..." (but "Hello..." is acceptable as well). Using a last name is more formal and should be used unless you are on first-name terms with the recipient. If you don't know the name of the person you're writing to (but you really should try and find one) use "Dear Sir/Madam" or "Dear Sir or Madam" followed by a colon. • 1. salutation: The salutation of a letter is the phrase that is used at the beginning of it, such as 'Dear Sir' or 'Dear Mr Rodd'. • 2. recipient: a persoon who receive sth接受者 • 3. precede：go in front of sth

12. Introduce yourself in the first paragraph (if necessary) • Also include why you're writing, and how you found that person's e-mail address, or the opportunity you're writing about.

13. Write the actual message • Be sure to get your point across without rambling. Try to break up the message into paragraphs by topic to make your message more logical and digestible. • 1. rambling: being too long and very confused 杂乱无章的 • 2. digestible: easy to understand易于理解的

14. Use the correct form of leave-taking. • This will depend on your level of intimacy with the recipient. Examples include: Yours sincerely, • Yours cordially, • Respectfully, • Best wishes. • 1. intimacy: very close personal relationship between two people 亲密关系

15. Sign with your full name. • If you have a job title, include that in the line after your name, and write the company name or website in the line after that.

16. Proofread your message for content. • Make sure you haven’t omitted any important details. Reading your email aloud or asking someone to proofread it is a great way to get a different perspective on what you’ve written. • 1. proofread: find and mark mistakes that need to be corrected 校对 • 2. perspective: overview, point of view

17. Proofread your message for spelling and grammar. • If your email provider（邮件提供商） doesn’t already provide spelling and grammar options for you, copy and paste your email into a word processor (文字处理软件), revise it if necessary, and copy and paste it back into your email. • 1. revise: adjust or correct sth to make it better 修正，改正

18. 4. email language features and email sample（知识点4：邮件语言特色） • Sentences often used to write an email message: • 1. I have got your email on….. • 2. Thank you very much for your email in which you inform me….. • 3. I am sorry to inform you that we are unable to provide….. • 4. I hope you will consider my application and arrange me an interview. • 5. I am looking forward to seeing you here in China. • 6. Many thanks and best wishes.

19. A sample of email • To: • From: • Subject: Possible research opportunity in your lab? • Dear Professor Green Berries, • My name is Cava Jefferson. I am currently a second year undergraduate student here at the University of Virginia and I am planning to major in Biology. I have significant interest in scientific research and I am writing to inquire about a possible research opportunity in your laboratory. • I read your profile on the website and I was intrigued about your field of research of vascular system（血管系统） and angiogenesis(血管生成). • 1. profile: A profile of someone is a short article or programme in which their life and character are described.人物简介，传略 • 2. intrigue: If something, especially something strange, intrigues you, it interests you and you want to know more about it. 激起兴趣

20. Continued • I would like to learn more about your research lab's work and if we are mutually interested。 • I understand you are very busy but would it be possible to have a quick chat about research sometime soon if there is space available for research? • In addition, I have an apartment lease that starts in June - therefore, I am available to begin training in your lab this summer. • Thank you and let me know whenever you are available to meet. I would appreciate any assistance you could give me. Thank you again for your time and consideration. • Sincerely, • Cava Jefferson • 1. Lease：A lease is a legal agreement by which the owner of a building, a piece of land, or something such as a car allows someone else to use it for a period of time in return for money.租约，出租协议

21. 5. information of online growth: Online Growth Continued(知识点5：课文学习) • In ten years, the World Wide Web has become a powerful new medium for sharing information, conducting business and communicating with people across the room or across the world. • Every day, about 128 million Americans log into the internet to use email, receive news, access government information, conduct business, book travel reservations, and engage in other activities. • 1.conduct: When you conduct an activity or task, you organize it and carry it out • I decided to conduct an experiment • 2.access: If you have access to something such as information or equipment, you have the opportunity or right to see it or use it • Every student has access to the school library.

22. Continued • American Online lnc. (AOL美国在线公司) now claims more than 35 million members, up from 2 million in 1995. And the number of items listed for sale on e-Bay（电子港湾）, an auction site（拍卖网址）, increased greatly from 443 000 in early 1997 to more than 583 million in the first quarter of 2006. • The online world is increasingly merging with the “real” world, influencing nearly every side of life. • Email allows families and friends around the world to communicate at a low price and more frequently. • 1. claim: state • He claimed that it was all a conspiracy (阴谋)against him • 2. merge: combine • My life merged with his.我和他的生活合而为一。 • 美国在线公司目前宣布上网人数已从1995年的200万增加到今天的3500万。在电子港湾上所列出的拍卖物品的数量从1997年初的44万3千项猛增到2006年第一季度的5亿8千3百万项。

23. Continued • The internet’s ability to provide a constant flow of news and information has sped up an already fast pace for most Americans. It also allows them the freedom to shop and conduct other business at their own convenience. • These benefits, however, have not come without a price. Wired life (在线生活) has also brought about growing concern regarding privacy and protection of identities online. • And as with most innovations, those who have less money and receive less education in American society have had much less access to the Web and its respective benefits, creating what some call a “digital divide”（数字分界）. • In spite of these issues, the rate of online growth does not appear to be slowing down at any time soon. • 1. constant: You use constant to describe something that happens all the time or is always there. • Inflation is a constant threat • 2. respective: Respective means relating or belonging separately to the individual people • They went into their respective bedrooms to pack

24. Continued • What’s fueling the online rush? • Jonathan Palmer, an internet expert from the University of Maryland, said America Online lnc. has been a large factor in internet growth. • The company’s “ability to bring together access, content and selling in a fairly user-friendly package has certainly sped up growth,” Palmer said.（该公司给用户提供集上网、内容和销售于一体的并对用户很友好的软件包的能力肯定加速了这一发展） • Another factor is that links to the internet are steadily improving, with broadband links （宽带连接）such as digital subscriber lines (DSL，数字订户线路) and cable modems（电缆调制解调器） providing speeds unimaginable in the past. • This new technology, originally used by offices and larger organizations, is rapidly becoming more available to US customers In their own homes.

25. 6. Noun clause（知识点6：名词性从句） • Noun clauses refer to the clauses which are used as nouns in complex sentences. They include subject clauses, object clauses, predicative clauses, and appositive clauses. They are usually introduced by the following conjunctions.

26. Conjunctions used in noun clauses • 从属连词 that, whether, if； • 连接代词 who(ever), whom, whose, what(ever), which(ever)； • 连接副词 when, where, why, how, how much / many /long /often 等。 　

27. Four kinds of noun clause • 1. 主语从句在句中作主语 • Whoever is tired may rest. • Why the earth moves round the sun is quite clear now. • 主语从句常放在句尾而用 it 作形式主语使句子更加平衡. • It is reported that our footteam has been defeated again. • 2. 宾语从句在句中作宾语 • I thought (that) you had read the book. • We should learn to tell whether an element is poisonous or not. • 注意： • ---宾语从句后有宾语补足语时常移至句末，而用 it 做形式宾语放在前面，如： • The experiment makes it clear that air has pressure. • ---宾语从句可作某些介词和某些作表语用的形容词的宾语，如： • The resistance of a wire also depends upon what material it is made of. • We are sure (that) it will be a success. • 3. 表语从句在句中作表语 • The reason is (that) we haven't raised enough money. • That is what we want to know. • 4. 同位语从句在句中作补充说明名词及其短语的从句 • I am in doubt whether I should buy or not. • He expressed his hope that he would visit China again.

28. Exercises • 1. _______ makes his shop different is that it offers more personal services. • A. What B. Who C. Whatever D. Whoever • 2. —It’s thirty years since we last met. • —But I still remember the story, believe it or not, _______ we got lost on a rainy night. • A. which B. that C. what D. when • 3. See the flags on top of the building? That was _______ we did this morning. • A. when B. which C. where D. What • 4. —Could you do me a favor? • —It depends on _______ it is. • A. which B. whichever C. what D. whatever • 5. These shoes look very good. I wonder _______. • A. how much cost they are B. how much do they cost • C. how much they cost D. how much are they cost • 6. Doris' success lies in the fact _______ she is co-operative and eager to learn from others. • A. which B. that C. when D. why • 7. Mary wrote an article on _______ the team had failed to win the game. • A. why B. what C. who D. that • 8. Could you tell me ______he is now. • A. where B. what C. whom D. whether.

29. Contiuned • 9. —Why does she always ask you for help? • —There is no one else _______, is there? • A. who to turn to B. she can turn to C. for whom to turn D. for her to turn • 10. Elephants have their own way to tell the shape of an object and __it is rough or smooth. • A. / B. whether C. how D. what • 11. Danny left word with my secretary _______ he would call again in the afternoon. • A. who B. that C. as D. which • 12. Mum is coming. What present _______ for your birthday? • A. you expect she has got B. you expect has she got • C. do you expect she has got D. do you expect has she got • 13. The way he did it was different ________ we were used to. • A. in which B. in what C. from what D. from which • 14. Great changes have taken place in that school. It is no longer _______ it was 20 years ago, _______ it was so poorly equipped. • A. what; when B. that; which C. what; which D. which; that • 15. Some researchers believe that there is no doubt _____a cure for AIDS will be found. • A. which B. that C. what D. whether