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Terminologi Anatomi

Terminologi Anatomi. PRINSIP UMUM PENAMAAN. SATU NAMA UNTUK SATU STRUKTUR (KADANG-KADANG ADA PENGECUAIAN) HARUS ADA DALAM DAFTAR NOMINA ANATOMICA, BOLEH DITERJEMAHKAN MENUNJUKKAN BENTUK/LETAK/ FUNGSI (ADA NILAI DISKRIPTIFNYA)

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Terminologi Anatomi

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  1. TerminologiAnatomi

  2. PRINSIP UMUM PENAMAAN • SATU NAMA UNTUK SATU STRUKTUR (KADANG-KADANG ADA PENGECUAIAN) • HARUS ADA DALAM DAFTAR NOMINA ANATOMICA, BOLEH DITERJEMAHKAN • MENUNJUKKAN BENTUK/LETAK/ FUNGSI (ADA NILAI DISKRIPTIFNYA) • HINDARI EPONIM  PENGGUNAAN NAMA ORANG SEPERTI TUBA EUSTACHIIATAU TUBA FALLOPII

  3. PosisiAnatomi • SEMUA DESKRIPSI DIEKSPRESIKAN DALAM HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN POSISI ANATOMI. • POSISI ANATOMI/SIKAP ANATOMI • TUBUH BERDIRI TEGAK • KEPALA, KEDUA MATA, KEDUA IBU JARI KAKI MENGHADAP LURUS KE DEPAN • KEDUA LENGAN DI SAMPING TUBUH DENGAN TELAPAK TANGAN MENHADAP KE DEPAN.

  4. Body Planes, Sections, and Cavitites

  5. Body planes • Body is 3D • Can be split into three planes • Sagittal • Coronal • Transverse

  6. Anatomical Plane and section. • Perpendicular to long axis. - Transversal = horizontal = cross sectional. • Paralel to long axis. - Sagital. Sagital section separate right and left of body portion at equal size. - Parasagital . Para sagital separate right and left body portion at anequal size. - Frontal = coronal section separate anterior and posterior of the body

  7. Sagittal Plane • Plane splitting the body into two parts (left and right) • Sagittal section is a cut made longitudinally along the body • If it splits into two equal parts = midsagittal

  8. Coronal Plane • Plane which splits body into anterior and posterior section • Ie. Facelift

  9. Transverse Plane • Separates body along horizontal plane • Also called a cross section • Will divide an organism into superior and inferior parts

  10. Body Cavities

  11. Cavities • Opening within body which protects internal organs, and allows transfer of materials/information • 2 Divisions • Dorsal • Ventral

  12. Dorsal Cavities • Made up of two smaller cavities • 1) Cranial Cavity – holds and protects brain • 2) Spinal Cavity – column which runs through vertebra and protects spinal chord

  13. Ventral Cavities • Divided into two cavities • 1) Thoracic – chest area (holds heart, lungs, and diaphragm) • 2) Abdominopelvic – lower torso (holds digestive and reproductive organs)

  14. Directional. • Anterior = front ---- navel is on the anterior the trunk. • Ventral = belly side ---- navel is on the ventral surface. • Posterior = behind ---- spine is on the posterior of the body. • Dorsal = back = behind. • Cranial = toward the head --- Chest is cranial to the abdomen. • Superior = above ( when referring to standing human body superior is equivalent to cranial) • Caudal = toward the tail ----- the hips are caudal to the waist. • Inferior = below; at a lower level. --- the knees are inferior to hips. • Medial = toward the mid line • Lateral = away from midline • Proximal = toward the central of the body • Distal = away from the central of the body. • Superficial = toward body surface. • Profundus = away from body surface.

  15. Cranial Proximal Distal Caudal

  16. Superficial Profundus

  17. nnnnnnnnnnnn

  18. Abreviation a. = arteri = artery v. = vena = vein n. = nervus = nerve • = musculus = muscle • = arteriae = arteries • = venae = veins • = musculi = muscles • = nervi = nerves.

  19. TerminologiStruktur • Bagian yang meninggi : • Tuber =bulatan yang menonjol • Tuberculum =tuber kecil • Tuberositas =tuber dg permukaankasar

  20. Condylus =bulatanbesar pd ujungtulangygbersendi • Epicondylus =bulatankecildiatascondylus

  21. Spina =bangunansptduri • Processus =istilahumumutktonjolan • Crista =pinggirantajam • Labium =pinggiranberbentukbibir • Pecten =pinggiranmemanjang • eminentia =daerahygmeninggi • Cornu =bagianygspttanduk

  22. Caput =bagianujungygmembulat • Capitulum =caput kecil

  23. Bagian yang cekung • Fovea =cekungan • Foveola =cekungankecil • Impressio =cekunganakbpenekanan • Fissura =celah • Incissura =takik • Sulcus =parit • Fossa =datarancekung • Fossula =fossakecil

  24. Istilahutklubang • Apertura =lubangmasuksuaturongga • Osteum =salurankedlmrongga lain • Orificium • Foramen • Foramina • Porus

  25. Istilahutksaluran/pipa • Vas • Canalis • Canaliculus • Ductus • Ductulus • Tuba • Tubulus • Meatus

  26. Istilahutkrongga • Sinus =ronggatertutupberisiudara • Celullae =kumpulan rongga2 kecil • Cavum =ronggaygberhub dg rongga lain • Cavitas =cavumkecil

  27. Movements • Flexion • Extension • Hyperextension • Adduction • Abduction • Prontaion • Supination • Retraction • Protraction • Elevation • Depression • Rotation • Circumduction • External Rotation • Internal Rotation • Inversion • Eversion • Dorsiflexion • Plantarflexion • Radial Deviation • Ulnar Deviation • Opposition

  28. Movements Flexion • Bending a joint or decreasing the angle between two bones • In the Fetal Position we are flexing our joints Extension • Straightening a joint or increasing the angle between two bones • In the Anatomical Position we are extending our joints Hyperextension • Excessive extension of the parts at a joint beyond anatomical position.

  29. Flexion / Extension / Hyperextension

  30. Movements Adduction • Moving a body part towards the midline of the body Abduction • Moving a body part away from the midline of the body

  31. Movements Pronation • Turning the arm or foot downward • (palm or sole of the foot - down) • Prone Supination • Turning the arm or foot upward • (palm or sole of the foot - up) • Supine

  32. Movements Retraction • Moving a part backward Protraction • Moving a part forward Elevation • Raising a part Depression • Lowering a part

  33. Movements Rotation • Turning on a single axis Circumduction • Tri-planar, circular motion at the hip or shoulder Internal rotation • Rotation of the hip or shoulder toward the midline External rotation • Rotation of the hip or shoulder away from the midline

  34. Movements Lateral Flexion • Side-bending left or right

  35. Movements of the Foot Inversion • Turning the sole of the foot inward Eversion • Turning the sole of the foot outward Dorsiflexion • Ankle movement bringing the foot towards the shin Plantarflexion • Ankle movement pointing the foot downward

  36. Regional Terms

  37. Medical Terminologi

  38. Root = Kata Dasar • Umumnya bahasa Latin • Umumnya di dapat dari Anatomi • Diberikan per sistemsecara garis besar

  39. Root (example: systema digestivus) • Glandula saliva • Esophagus • Gaster • Hepar • Lien • Pancreas • Intestinum • dst

  40. Prefix = awalan Yang umumditemukan : • Kata-kataarah ( ab-, ad-, dst) • Kata-katajumlah ( mono-, bi-, pan-, mega-) • Kata-kataygmenunjukkanwarna(rubra, flava, alba, grisea) • Kondisi : eu-, dys-, iso-,osmo-

  41. Suffix • -stasis • -lysis • -plasia • -itis • -phagia • dst

  42. Conversion of Suffix. Single to plural us i musculus ---- musculi um a ligamentum --- ligamenta a ae. vena --- venae

  43. Examples:

  44. QUIZ

  45. Range of Motion • Hip __________________________ • Hip __________________________ • Hip __________________________ Knee ________________________ Ankle ________________________ • Wrist _________________________ (a) __________________________ (b) __________________________ • Hip __________________________ Knee ________________________ Ankle ________________________ • Forearm (a) ___________________ Forearm (b) ___________________ • Shoulder ______________________ • Shoulder ______________________ • Jaw __________________________ • Shoulder ______________________ • Hip _Abduction_________________ • Hip _Adduction_________________ • Hip _Flexion___________________ Knee _Extension________________ Ankle _Plantarflexion____________ • Wrist _Extension________________ (a) _Hyperextension_____________ (b) _Flexion____________________ • Hip _Flexion___________________ Knee _Flexion__________________ Ankle _Dorsiflexion______________ • Forearm (a) _Supination__________ Forearm (b) _Pronation__________ • Shoulder _Circumduction_________ • Shoulder _Elevation_____________ • Jaw _Protraction________________ • Shoulder _Rotation______________

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