Population Policies

1. Population Policies Pro-natalist / Expansive Anti-natalist / Restrictive

2. Why would a country want a pro-natalist policy ? http://www.aishbaltimore.com/zz/family/rebbitzen/The_Joys_of_A_Large_Family.asp http://www.imb.org/southern-africa/images/Malagasy_children.jpg

3. Why would a country want an anti-natalist policy ? http://www.upiasia.com/thumbnails/63232c7d88b2a81dfa3c881741f3ac7a.jpg

4. U.S.S.R. - pro-natalist Starting on July 8, 1944 the government of the U.S.S.R. began awarding medals to women in order to encourage a high fertility rate.

5. Why did the government believe there was a need for a pro-natalist policy at this time ?

6. 3 main categories of medals were presented • Motherhood Medals • Order of the Glory of Motherhood • or • Order of Maternal Glory • Order of Mother Heroine

7. Motherhood Medal 2nd Class 5 children 8,000,000 awarded

8. Motherhood Medal 1st Class 6 children 4,000,000 awarded

9. Order of Maternal Glory 3rd Class 7 children 2,000,000 awarded

10. Order of Maternal Glory 2nd Class 8 children 1,000,000 awarded

11. Order of Maternal Glory 1st Class 9 children 500,000 awarded

12. Order Mother Heroine 10 children 200,000 awarded

13. People’s Republic of Albania For bearing, raising & educating children Order of Mother Heroine 10 children http://www.albaniancorner.com/store/Medals%20&%20Orders%20&%20Militaria/c22/index.html

14. Class I Class II Class III 3 children 9 children 6 children Albania Communist Order MOTHERHOOD GLORY-1950 http://www.albaniancorner.com/store/Medals%20&%20Orders%20&%20Militaria/c22/index.html

15. Albania Order of Maternal Glory : 1957 http://crazymongol.tripod.com/order_of_maternal_glory.htm First Class Second Class 9 children 5 – 8 children

16. Germany Cross of Honor of the German Mother (Ehrenkreuz der deutschen Mutter) 1938 - 1944 http://www.nobeliefs.com/mementoes.htm

17. http://www.diggerhistory.info/pages-medals/nazi2.htm Bronze 3rd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 4, 5 Silver 2nd Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 6, 7 Gold 1st Class Mother’s Nazi Cross 8 or more

18. Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (original version) http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html Class I Class 2 Class 3 4, 5 children ? 6,7 children ? 8/9 children ?

19. Bulgarian Order of Mother Glory (newer version) http://www.shopbulgaria.com/communist-period-1948-1989-5007.html Class I Class 2 Class 3 4, 5 children ? 6,7 children ? 8/9 children ?

20. China - anti-natalist 2 different programs in recent years • Later, Longer, Fewer Policy • One ChildPolicy

21. Later, Longer, Fewer (wan xi shao) 1971 • get married later in life (mid - late twenties) • wait longer for first baby and in between babies • have fewer, 2 in urban areas & 3 in rural areas

22. One Child Policy 1979 - rewards start once 1 child contract is signed • Rewards • free medical care • free daycare and schooling • guaranteed job for child • bonuses for parents • extra maternity leave • better housing • bigger old age pension • Penalties • must repay financial • benefits • educational, medical • benefits, & guaranteed • jobs are withdrawn • parents’ wages reduced

23. Why are improved old age pensions such an important part of the policy ? How did the government persuade its citizens to cooperate ?

24. 80,000 Family Planning Workers source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html Practice birth control for the revolution

25. source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

26. source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

27. http://www.nisjapan.minidns.net/nis/galleries/5thgradestudentwork/5thGradeChinaProject/07CN.htmlhttp://www.nisjapan.minidns.net/nis/galleries/5thgradestudentwork/5thGradeChinaProject/07CN.html Part of Education Program

28. The Science of Family Planning source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

29. Peer pressure is also effectively used to keep birth rates down

30. Millions of dollars have been spent on education and on advertiing. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

31. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

32. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

33. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html Carry out family planning Implement the basic national policy

34. Clever and pretty healthy and lovely source: http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

35. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

36. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html

37. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop.html Do a good job in family planning to promote economic development

38. http://www.iisg.nl/~landsberger/pop1.html

39. In the majority of the posters, is the 1 child male or female ? In addition to showing a happy child and parent(s), what other idea is often linked with the single child.

40. Why do you believe that most posters show a girl rather than a boy ?

41. How many missing girls are there in the under 20 categories ?

42. Why do the posters often suggest an association between economic prosperity and happy 1 child families ?

43. Little emperors Any social problems ?

44. In recent years China has relaxed the rules, and in some cases have even started encouraging two children. In many cases, parents are not taking advantage of this opportunity. Why ?

45. Iran: -Anti-natalist or pro-natalist ? http://www1.istockphoto.com/file_thumbview_approve/398959/2/istockphoto_398959_iran.jpg

46. 1967 – first anti-natalist policy 1979 – pro-natalist 1988 – anti-natalist 2006 – pro-natalist ?

47. 1967 • start of family planning • accelerating economic growth • slow rapid growth (2.75%)

48. 1979 start of Islamic Revolution family planning program - western influence promotion of contraception by health officials banned procreation to bolster the ranks of “soldiers for Islam” (8 year war with Iraq) http://www.fnb.to/FNB/Article/Khomeyni/Khomeiny3.jpg Ayatollah Khomeini

49. Khomeini’s pro-natalist policy resulted in a growth rate of 3.2 % Total fertility rate rose to 7

50. 1988 • Khomeini reconsidered his stance due to: • faltering economy • severe unemployment • overcrowded & polluted cities