Langston Hughes wrote volumes of poetry. The scientist studied the ant colony carefully.

1. WARM • Langston Hughes wrote volumes of poetry. • The scientist studied the ant colony carefully. • Cynthia answered every question correctly. • Joseph Bruchac writes and publishes poems. • American Indians narrate their own experiences and ideas. • My love prevails like the ocean’s tides.

2. WARM • Langston Hughes wrote volumes of poetry. • The scientist studied the ant colony carefully. • Cynthia answered every question correctly. • Joseph Bruchacwrites and publishes poems. • American Indians narrate their own experiences and ideas. • My love prevails like the ocean’s tides.

3. WARM Write sentences. Circle verbs. Identify all parts of speech. • The old roof of the house leaks badly. • The hunter searches for a deer. • Dr. Gold examines his patient. • The bluebird in the tree sings beautifully. • The football team dashes out of the locker room in full speed. • Paul reads The Adventures of Tom Sawyer. • Mrs. Gray buys a roll of paper towels at the store. • Judy solves the mystery without a problem. • Harold found his purple crayon.

4. What is peer editing? • Peer editing is a way to gain constructive feedback from one of your classmates. • The goal is for everyone to leave with great ideas that will help to improve their writing.

5. Highlight! Annotate! • Each of you will receive a highlighter and a pen. • You must use the highlighter and the pen to give constructive feedback to your classmate. • You will need to have at least two other students peer edit your work.

6. Highlight! Annotate!Key • Highlight= Claim, Reasons, Evidence and Appeals. • Annotate/Label= Claim, Reasons, Evidence, Appeals. • Write comments in the margins of paper.

7. Ticket Out the Door How does reading someone else’s work help you to improve your own writing?

8. WARM When developing an argument, writers are attempting to persuade the audience. What is most likely the term that best describes the author’s attempt to persuade readers or move readers to do something? Explain your answer. a)Summary b)Counterargument c)Call to Action d) Opinion 2. How does reading someone else’s work and engaging in peer editing help you to improve your writing? Give at least two reasons.

9. Call to Action • A statement that serves as the mission of what you are persuading the audience to do. • The thing that you want readers to DO. • “For the low low price of $19.95, you must call now.” • “If you call now, we will give it to you for half off.” • The time is now to make a change!

10. WARM Identify the verbals in the following sentences. Use the definition that is in your Book of Verbals to help you. Relying on the air, the eagle swooped over the house. The laughing students were assigned silent reading. Playing on the sofa, the children were sent to bed early. The waxed floors were slippery and dangerous. Flowing water carries a great deal of potential energy.

11. VERBALS Infinitives, Participles, and Gerunds ELACC8L1a: Explain the function of verbals (gerunds, participles, infinitives) in general and their function in particular sentences.

12. BOOK OF VERBALS • You will receive 4 sheets of paper. • You must line the paper evenly while it is laying flat on your desk. • You must fold the paper as directed. Label each flap. • Lastly, you must takenotes in your book of verbals.

13. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL? • Telling the difference between a verb and a verbal is not done by looking only at the word itself. • You have to see how the word is being used. • In both cases, the word looks like a verb, but if it’s used as something other than a verb…it’s a VERBAL.

14. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL? • Examples: • Waxed • Flowing • Playing • Sleeping • These can be verbs or verbals depending upon how they are used in the sentence.

15. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL? • Examples: • Our butler waxed the floors. • The waxed floors were slippery and dangerous. • In the first sentence, the word is being used as a verb to tell what action is being done by the subject. • In the other one, the word still looks like a verb, but it is being used as an adjective.

16. Is it a VERB or a VERBAL? • Examples: • Water was flowing over the rocks in the stream. • Flowing water carries a great deal of potential energy. • The same thing is true here as in the other example. • The second sentences shows the verb working as an adjective instead of a verb.

17. Basic Information on Verbals • A word that looks like a verb, but functions as another part of speech such as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Verbalsare verb forms (words that look like verbs or could be verbs in other sentences) that are used as one of the following: • Noun • Adjective • Adverb • A verbal can never be the verb of the sentence.

18. Basic Information on Verbals • There are three different kinds of verbals: • Infinitive • Participle • Gerund • Each verbal has a specific purpose and use in a sentence.

19. EXIT TICKET • What is a verbal? • What is a verb? • What is the difference between a verbal and a verb?

20. Gerunds Gerund- a verb ending in –ing and is used as noun in the sentence. VERBINGNOUN GERUND • Gerunds will show up in sentences as subjects, direct or indirect objects, or objects of prepositions.

21. Gerunds • Examples: • Chewing gum in class is not allowed in class. (subject) • I liked eating at the new restaurant. (direct object) • Without running very hard I won the race. (indirect object) • Abusing the warm fuzzy kitten is not allowed in this class. (subject)

22. Whole Group Practice • Skiing down the slope was the best part. • Dad’s favorite past-time is fishing for trout and bass. • Give sailing a try. • We enjoyed hiking in the Sangre de Cristo Mountains. • Please sweep the front sidewalk after mowing.

23. Basic Review:Gerunds • Subject- what/who the sentence is about. Skiing down the slop was fun. • Predicate Nominative- a word/word group that is in the predicate and that refers to or identifies the subject. Dad’s favorite hobby is fishing for trout. • Direct Object-noun/pronoun that tells what or who receives the action of the verb. We enjoyed hiking in the mountains. • Direct Object- noun/pronoun that is after the verb, but before the direct object. Give sailing a try. • Object of a preposition- the object that the preposition is referring to. Please sweep the sidewalk after mowing.

24. Gerund Practice Exercise 7 Page 152 1-10 • Write the gerunds in each sentence.

25. EXIT TICKET • What is a verbal? • What is a verb? • What is the difference between a verbal and a verb?

26. Gerund Phrase • Consists of a gerund and any modifiers or complements the gerund has. • The entire phrase is used as a noun. • Because a gerund is a verb form, it may be modified by an adverb or an adverb phrase and it may have a complement (usually a direct object). • Also, since a gerund functions as a noun, it may be modified by an adjective or an adjective phrase.

27. Gerund Phrase Examples: -Learning about science is fun. -Having a part-time job may interfere with your schoolwork. The gerund phrase is the subject + job is the direct object. Learning is the gerund. -The students heard the loud ringing of the fire alarm. The gerund phrase is the direct object of the verb heard + gerund is ringing. -We cross the stream by stepping carefully from stone to stone. The gerund phrase is the object of the preposition by. The adverb carefully and the adverb phrases from stone and to stone modify the gerund stepping.

28. Gerund Practice Exercise 7 Page 152 1-10 • Write the gerund phrase in each sentence.

29. Infinitives • An infinitive is a verb form that is proceeded by the word “to.” • To play • To sleep • To be seen • To steal • To have been stolen • To speak

30. Infinitives • In some sentences (following certain verbs), the “sign of the infinitive” (the word “to) is omitted. • This is done for clarity. • Help him (to) move the sofa. • Watch the fish (to) snap at the hook. • Can you feel the floor (to) move?

31. Infinitives • The verbs which call for an omitted “to” are: • See • Hear • Feel • Help • Let • Make • Watch

32. Infinitives • An infinitive has three possible functions: • As a noun • As an adjective • As an adverb • Knowing where an infinitive should go helps make the structure of the sentence more clear.

33. Infinitives • As a noun: • I hate to go. (direct object) • To steal is a crime. (subject) • As an adjective: • It’s time to go. (modify time) • There are jobs to be done (modify jobs) • As an adverb: • He always plays to win. (modify plays)

34. Infinitives • Infinitives can also have modifiers or complements. • This can be done because there is a verb form in the infinitive that (if being used as a verb in another sentence) could take a complement such as an indirect or direct object or a predicate complement.

35. Infinitives • Be careful not to create “split” infinitives. • This is done when an adverb is placed between the “to” and the verb form. • To boldly go…. • To strenuously object… • To always comply… • It is bad structure for this to be formed.

36. Gerund Practice .

37. Participles • Verb forms that are used as adjectives are called participles. • They will have two forms: • Present (ending in “-ing”) • Past (ending in “-ed” or “-en”) • These contain action, but they are not used as verbs in the sentence.

38. Participles • Examples: • Smoking gun • Snoring spouse • Broken window • Elected official • Streaming video • Buzzing noise • Winning touchdown • Walking track

39. Participles • Participles can appear in several places in the sentence, but they are most commonly found describing / modifying the subject. • Participle phrases can also be made from single participles. • Running along the path

40. Participles • Most participle phrases will have commas setting them off. This is especially true when they open a sentence and modify the subject. • Running at full speed, the back raced twenty yards for a score. • Crying loudly, the baby wanted some attention.

41. VerbalsLinks http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=verbals • Gerunds http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=predicate+nominative

42. Verbal Links • Participles http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=predicate+nominative • Infinitives http://app.discoveryeducation.com/search?Ntt=predicate+nominative

43. Practice Time: • You will be shown ten sentences with a word or phrase underlined. • Identify the word or phrases as: • Infinitive • Participle • Gerund

44. Practice Time: • Sleeping soundly in his bed, Ron was not going to be disturbed by anyone in his house. • I wanted to try out for the lacrosse team this spring. • The rushing waters of the Colorado River were great for rafting.

45. Practice Time: 4. The warm fuzzy kitten, meowing loudly in the hallway, was a nuisance. 5. We tried shooting with the NBA’s new basketball and found it to be challenging. 6. To run a mile in less than four minutes is nearly impossible.

46. Practice Time: 7. Charging wildly down the street, the bulls tried to crush the citizens of Pamplona. 8. Cheating on a final exam in English/Language Artsis not an advisable solution to not studying. 9. To sleep, perchance to dream.

47. Practice Time: 10. On the sixth day of Christmas, my true love gave to me six geese a-laying, five gold rings, four calling birds, three French hens, two turtle doves and a partridge in a pear tree.

48. SURPRISE, SURPRISE, SURPRISE! • Now that you can identify these verbals, you have the great privilege of going on to the next great step in verbals……..Verbal Phrases.