Linux commands exercise

1. Linux commands exercise

2. What do you need, if you try to these at home? • You need to download and install Ubuntu Linux from the Internet • DVD is need for saving this • You need to download and install Vmware player • When Vmware player installed you must install Ubuntu from your DVD • You can start vmware player and set up there ubuntu for your Vmware player • Now you can start ubuntu on vmware player but there you must install terminal program that you able to type commands • Then Linux Ubuntu is ready to use for the following exercises

3. Ubuntu exercise • When you are in the terminal of Ubuntu try the commands starting from the next page • Work in pairs (two people in one group) • Open Word as well • Copy everything from your Linux window to word and save the content. All the content must be in the same file. • Ask Pekka for help if necessary

4. Key combinations and special characters • Ctrl-R means that you first put Ctrl key down and then press R • Alt-R means that you first put Alt key down and then press R • ~ Tilde

5. Get familiar with your Linux Ubuntu environment • Who are you? • Type a command whoami • Where are you? • Type a command uname –n • What kind of place this is? • Type a command uname –nmo • What kind of processor and what kind of UNIX you have on UNIX server? • Type a command uname–a

6. Who else are online? • Type a command who • If you have more users • Type a command who | less • Who is who? • Type a command finger • You can also find detail • Type a command finger –m smith or finger smith • You can type the command by using a user’s first name as finger john finger –m john

7. What does each user do? • Type a command ps –ef • What do you own here? • Type a command pwd • When you are logged in on a Linux computer and you have started command terminal, you see your home directory as follows • Type a command ls • You can also try the same with a synonym by typing dir

8. You can shout by using the echo command as follows • Type a command echo how does echo respond? • You can write simplified text files with the pico editor • Type a command pico text.txt • You can show text files by typing • A command cat text.txt (in which text.txt is the name of your file)

9. Try a command cat /etc/group • It tells the groups of the users on a Linux server to which you are connected • And after that you can try a command less /etc/group • You get output in little pieces • Getting information about the CPU of your server • Try a command cat /proc/cpuinfo • Getting information about helping programs for Linux environment • Try a command ls /bin/ • More helping programs can be found as follows • Try a command ls /usr/bin • If too many programs from these are installed, it can cause the situation called dependency hell

10. How to learn more when you need this? • Try a command man ls • And then a command man pwd • You can also try a command man finger • But it may not work in the ubuntu implementation of Linux • Try a command info info • In addition you can include help argument to the end of your clause • Try a command ls–help • But be carefully when you do this with the rm command • As rm –help • This time you see the help information, but if you have other argument after “rm”, you can delete the entire file

11. File management • Try a command cd .. • You can move one step to the root in your directory structure • Then you can try a command ls • You can see the files in your default directory • Followed by trying a command pwd • It shows the name of the current directory

12. Going to root directory cd \ • Takes you to the entire system's root directory • Try this • Then try ls command to see the content • Let’s create directories • Give a command mkdir osttc12 • And after that use the command ls to see the current content • Then go the course directory by typing a command cd osttc12

13. Then in osttc12 directory create directories exercise1, exercise2, exercise3 and exercise4 • Check that you were successful • Use ls command

14. How improve interactivity on Linux shell? • Exercise some with echo command • Type echo {aa,bbb} {1,2,3} {X,Y} • Press the arrow up key • Look at what happened and try again • Try arrow down key as well in the same way • Browse the previous echo command from the command history • Modify the previous echo command that it is in the format echo {aa,bbb} {1,2,3} {W,Y} and after that • echo {aa,bbb} {1,2,3} {moon,Y}

15. Take one echo for editing • Try key combinations CTRL-A and CTRL-E • Try to create file by the pico editor • pico test.txt • Try to print the previous file on the screen • less test.txt

16. Using different programs-combining commands • Try to command who | sort • You can see the users in alphabetic order (A, B, etc.) • | is mark for combining commands • After it you tell the additional argument

17. Putting out into a file • Use grep • Write a file containing Riyadh as the third line • Before that the file can contain anything • pico test2.txt • Then try the command grep Riyadh test2.txt

18. Reading inputs from a file • You can use < mark for that • Try less < test2.txt