Biology

1. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Biology

2. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3-3�Cycles of Matter How does matter move among the living and nonliving parts of an ecosystem?

3. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Recycling in the Biosphere Recycling in the Biosphere Unlike the one-way flow of energy, matter is recycled within and between ecosystems.

4. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Elements, chemical compounds, and other forms of matter are passed from one organism to another and from one part of the biosphere to another through biogeochemical cycles. Recycling in the Biosphere

5. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nutrient Cycles Nutrient Cycles All the chemical substances that an organism needs to sustain life are its nutrients.

6. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nutrient Cycles Carbon is found in several large reservoirs in the biosphere. In the atmosphere, it is found as carbon dioxide gas; in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide; on land in organisms, rocks, and soil; and underground as coal, petroleum, and calcium carbonate rock.�Carbon is found in several large reservoirs in the biosphere. In the atmosphere, it is found as carbon dioxide gas; in the oceans as dissolved carbon dioxide; on land in organisms, rocks, and soil; and underground as coal, petroleum, and calcium carbonate rock.�

7. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nutrient Cycles The atmosphere is the main reservoir of nitrogen in the biosphere. Nitrogen also cycles through the soil and through the tissues of living organisms.�The atmosphere is the main reservoir of nitrogen in the biosphere. Nitrogen also cycles through the soil and through the tissues of living organisms.�

8. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Organic phosphate moves through the food web and to the rest of the ecosystem. Nutrient Cycles Phosphorus in the biosphere cycles among the land, ocean sediments, and living organisms. Phosphorus in the biosphere cycles among the land, ocean sediments, and living organisms.

9. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall Nutrient Limitation Nutrient Limitation The primary productivity of an ecosystem is the rate at which organic matter is created by producers. One factor that controls the primary productivity of an ecosystem is the amount of available nutrients.

10. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall If a nutrient is in short supply, it will limit an organism's growth. When an ecosystem is limited by a single nutrient that is scarce or cycles very slowly, this substance is called a limiting nutrient. Nutrient Limitation

11. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient�such as nitrogen (N) in the runoff from heavily fertilized fields�the result is often an immediate increase in the amount of algae and other producers. This result is called an algal bloom. Algal blooms can disrupt the equilibrium of an ecosystem. Nutrient Limitation

12. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3

13. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3 Transpiration is part of the water cycle. carbon cycle. nitrogen cycle. phosphorus cycle.

14. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3 Carbon is found in the atmosphere in the form of carbohydrates. carbon dioxide. calcium carbonate. ammonia.

15. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3 Biologists describe nutrients as moving through cycles because the substances start as simple organic forms that plants need. provide �building blocks� and energy that organisms need. are passed between organisms and the environment and then back to organisms. are needed by organisms to carry out life processes.

16. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3 The only organisms that can convert nitrogen in the atmosphere into a form useful to living things are nitrogen-fixing plants. bacteria. detritivores. animals.

17. Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall 3�3 When an aquatic ecosystem receives a large input of a limiting nutrient, the result is runoff. algal death. algal bloom. less primary productivity.

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