Support to the States Programme for South Sudan

2. Support to the States Programme for South Sudan Urban Management Capacity Building Programme

3. Context “Resource curse” of ivory, gold and slavery in the 19th century. Ethnic and religious differences difficult un-resolved under colonial government which lasted until the 1950’s. Recently, conflict over oil and economic marginalization resulted in more intense war in 1983 -2005.

4. A Conflict with long roots • Anglo-Egyptian Condominium period 1895-1956 • The Closed Districts ordinance. • 1947 Juba Conference on future of Southern Sudan. • Post independence period • 1955-1972: The first civil war (SANU & Anyanya) • 1972: Addis Ababa agreement • 1983-2005 : The second civil war (SPLM/SPLA) • Post Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA) 2005 • Challenges of setting up an effective Government. • Challenges of demobilization of the fighting forces. • Oil resources.

5. Challenges 2005 - 2011 Implementation of the Peace Agreement. Meeting the high expectations from the “peace dividend” Conditions attached to donor support are not easily matched. Sustainability of donor financed public interventions

6. Achievements to date • Reconciliation • The constitutional provisions for power and wealth sharing • Unity in Diversity • Mainstream ‘Southern Sudan’ in National development • Political and fiscal autonomy to enable the South to level the playing field with the North • Implement phased decentralization in the South • Scaling up capacity quickly • Delivering the “peace dividend” in basic services and infrastructure

7. Achievements to date • Representation for the South in the National Government: • Interim National Constitution, 2006 • Autonomy of Southern Sudan: • Interim Constitution of Southern Sudan, 2006 • Self determination through “referendum” in 2011

8. Building a Government Apparatus • Common Public Service Act and Regulations: • Horizontal integration: SPLM cadres, employees of Government of Sudan & new employees, including from the “diaspora” • Vertical harmonization: GoSS, states and counties • Merit and rule based recruitments and promotions with due concern for “representation” for marginalized groups. • Gender: targeting minimum 25% women. • DDR measures • Impart livelihood skills, provide opportunities and facilitate self employment. • Reverse the outflow of skills and knowledge • Bring the talent home from the Southern Sudanese living abroad.

9. Building a Government Apparatus • Affordability and efficiency of the public service • Core civil, police, teachers & health workers employed approx. 100,000, less than 1.5% of population (estimated at 8 million) • Low compensation levels rationalized but salary burden is significant at around 20-25% of total expenditure. • Democratization & good governance • Functional and empowered legislatures in GoSS and ten states • Independent five tiered judicial structure. • Accountability structures • Public financial management processes based on international best practice • Nineteen empowered oversight commissions: Anti corruption commission, Auditor General, Civil service commission, Public Grievances Commission, Human rights commission etc • Transparency • Freedom of the press assured, Right to Information Act being formulated, GoSS website to be operational in 2007. • Participation • All ten state and 78 county level governments are functional

10. Commitment to Decentralization • Decentralization & Subsidiarity: • GOSS: Mainly Policy, Standards, Financing, Monitoring and Capacity Building • States: Mainly Policy Implementation, Regulation, Financing, Technical Assistance, Training and Monitoring and Evaluation • Counties: Mainly Provision of Services • Transition Arrangements: During the transition, the GOSS will be performing functions that will subsequently be transferred

11. Underlying Challenges • Capacity, Capacity, Capacity, of institutional, organizational and human resources all levels of government • Limited qualified human resources • Inadequate equipment, transportation facilities • Low funds absorption capacity

12. Key on-going UNDP Capacity Building Activities • Establishment of a high level inter-governmental policy coordination task force • Governors’ Forum focusing on Planning and budgeting; housing and population census; and local elections. • Study tour of State Governors; County Commissioners; State assembly committee chairpersons, speakers and clerks to countries with experience in federalism • Deployment of Sudanese diaspora professionals to states and counties as middle level advisors • Provision of technical assistance to states and counties in urban and physical infrastructure management

13. Key Urban Challenges • Corruption: evictions for land grabing maskerading as enforcement of building regulations: potential for conflict • IDP settlements in Tukul Estates, informal with no layouts • Inadequate revenue generation. • Inadequate solid waste. • No centralised water, electricity, sewage • Massive shortage of housing • Economy limited to decentralized markets

14. Key Human Resource Challenges • Governance as bureaucracy. • Regulatory, policy, administrative vacumm. • Huge needs & Huge numbers of ghost workers • Enormous cost of training as there is no road network, and litle training infrastructure outside of Juba. • Too much assessment not enough action!

15. The Habitat Approach • Focus on State and local Level « Experts » and those with capacity to be trainers 8 Day programme • Training of Trainers – Adult Learning • Designing & Implementing Housing Policies • Urban Planning and Management • Pro Poor Land Policies Mainstreaming Gender, Good Governace and Leadership

16. Our Task • Two days per theme- not too much content or too little • Interactive, engaging, lively training • Inspire professionals, but accessible to new commers. • Needs identified and captured, for follow-up programme.

17. Our Discussion • Initial feedback on approach & challenges • Who needs to learn what on: • Planning • Land • Housing • Handling cross-cutting issues, what’s in what is out?