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塑膠鑑定

塑膠鑑定. 熱固性 熱塑性. 文物保護較常接觸到的塑膠. 熱塑性 PE 聚乙烯 PP 聚丙烯 PVC 聚氯乙烯 PVDC 聚二氯乙烯 Polyvinyl acetate (or triacetate) 聚醋酸乙烯酯 熱固性 Polyester 聚酯類. 鑑定方法. 歷史 看 (appearance, shrink test, burn test, crumple test) 聽 (crumple test) 拉 (stretch test) 聞 (burn test) 儀器輔助.

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塑膠鑑定

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  1. 塑膠鑑定 • 熱固性 • 熱塑性

  2. 文物保護較常接觸到的塑膠 熱塑性 • PE聚乙烯 • PP聚丙烯 • PVC聚氯乙烯 • PVDC聚二氯乙烯 • Polyvinyl acetate (or triacetate)聚醋酸乙烯酯 熱固性 • Polyester聚酯類

  3. 鑑定方法 • 歷史 • 看 (appearance, shrink test, burn test, crumple test) • 聽 (crumple test) • 拉 (stretch test) • 聞 (burn test) • 儀器輔助

  4. 看(appearance, shrink, burn, and crumple test) • 透明度 • 用熄滅的熱火柴棒頭接觸塑膠，觀察收縮程度 • 輕微 • 劇烈 • 火焰燃燒塑膠，觀察邊緣焦黑的狀態、熔化後塑膠滴落的狀態及燃燒的顏色 • 揉成一球觀察顏色(伸縮性塑膠)

  5. 聽 (crumple test) • 搖晃聽聲

  6. 拉 (stretch test) • 靠邊緣一英吋處，拉開 • 伸縮性 • 沒有伸縮性

  7. 聞 (burn test) • 火焰燃燒塑膠，聞氣味

  8. 沒有伸縮性及熔化性的塑膠Non-Stretch-Melt Resistant Films • 撕裂法 • 撕裂處沒有類似塑膠物伸縮的邊緣 • 撕裂處有類似塑膠物伸縮的邊緣

  9. 玻璃紙類 • 散開、表面柔軟 • 沒有防水膠膜 • 不易散開、不吸收 • 藥劑測試法 • 聯苯胺(diphenyl-benzidine) – 藍色– 硝化纖維塑膠膜 • Pyridene and alcoholic solution of potassium hydroxide – 褐色– Saran(Polyvinylidene chloride, PVCD)膠膜 • Pyridene and aqueous potassium hydroxide – 褐色–乙烯基膠膜

  10. 玻璃紙類 • 聚乙烯膠膜

  11. 沒有伸縮性及易熔化的塑膠Non-Stretch-Melt Easy Films • 收縮程度 • 劇烈 • 輕微

  12. 收縮程度劇烈 • Burn test • 自動熄滅，刺鼻臭味 – 聚偏二氯乙烯(polyvinylidene chloride) • 黑煙灰，熔化透明液體，刺鼻萬壽菊味 – 聚苯乙烯 (polystyrene) • 熔化似臘，蠟燭氣味 – oriented polyethylene (PE) • 黑煙，柴油味 - oriented polypropylene (PP) • 焦黑邊緣，黑煙，自動熄滅，次鼻鹽酸味 – oriented polyvinyl chloride (PVC)

  13. 收縮程度輕微 • Burn test • 燃燒緩慢，燒端結珠或捲起，酸味及 紙燃燒味 – cellulose acetate • 不易點燃，燃燒緩慢，捲縮無焦黑邊緣，樹脂味 – polyester • 藍色火焰，自動熄滅，毛髮燒焦味 - nylon

  14. 有伸縮性的塑膠Films That Stretch • Burn test • 熔化似臘，蠟燭氣味 – PE • 黑煙，柴油味 - PP • 焦黑邊緣，黑煙，自動熄滅，次鼻鹽酸味 – PVC • 燃燒緩慢，綠色火焰，自動熄滅，次鼻鹽酸味及橡膠味 – rubber hydrochloride (Pliofilm)

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