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Unit 5 World War I and the Russian Revolution

Unit 5 World War I and the Russian Revolution. A Fragile Peace. OTTO von BISMARCK. There had been peace in Europe for nearly 30 years However many forces were at work to destroy the peace. Nationalism Imperialism Militarism. The Balkans Alliance System Assassination of Franz Ferdinand.

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Unit 5 World War I and the Russian Revolution

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  1. Unit 5 World War I and the Russian Revolution

  2. A Fragile Peace OTTO von BISMARCK • There had been peace in Europe for nearly 30 years • However many forces were at work to destroy the peace

  3. Nationalism Imperialism Militarism The Balkans Alliance System Assassination of Franz Ferdinand Causes of World War I

  4. Nationalism • Competition between Europe’s powers for resources and materials • Territorial disputes • Alsace-Lorraine (France/Germany) • Balkans • Other minor disputes around the world

  5. Imperialism • Overseas Imperialism created conflicts • Africa, Asia and China • Sense of rivalry and mistrust

  6. Militarism • Glorifying military power and keeping a strong military • Kept citizens feeling safe and patriotic • Ready in case of a war • Increased economy of each nation • Countries competed with each other

  7. The Balkan Peninsula Serbia Bosnia Greece Others • Ottoman Empire declining in power • New countries wanting to expand • Control trade of Mediterranean region • Great nationalism of individual nations • Russia, Germany, and Austria-Hungary all wanted to maintain power in the area

  8. <The Balkans

  9. The Balkan Wars

  10. Alliance System and Germany • Since the late 1880’s von Bismarck made fragile alliances with a number of countries • All with the goal of keeping peace, yet always strengthening Germany • Triple Alliance Triple Entente Germany Britain Austria-Hungary France Italy Russia

  11. Austro-Hungarian heir to the throne Archduke Franz Ferdinand assassinated June 28, 1914 on visit to Bosnia • Gavrilo Princip (Serbian Black Hand) committed to ridding Serbia of Austrian rule • Austria-Hungary would send troops to Serbia, and Germany supported them • Russia supported Serbia and sent troops to Austria – bcz of ALLIANCE SYSTEM

  12. A New Alliance System • Central PowersAllies Germany Britain Austria-Hungary France Italy (to start) Russia Countries very quickly mobilized for war United States???

  13. The Schlieffen Plan • German troops would race west to fight France then come back and fight Russia (slower to mobilize) • This brought Britain into the war • First Battle of the Marne defeated the Germans and saved the Allies • This two front war would quickly become a stalemate everywhere

  14. A New Type of War • Trench Warfare • Poison Gas • Machine Gun • Tank • Airplanes • Submarines

  15. WWI Tech

  16. Stalemate • Western Front stalemate • Eastern Front Russia weakening, but its massive numbers helping • War of Attrition • Allies sending supplies to Russia • War spreading to ROW

  17. Gallipoli • Allies wanted to attack Central Powers through Turkey • Dardanelles – a narrow sea-straight that led to the Turkish capital, and eventually into Austria

  18. Mel Gibson! • Gallipoli famous in Australia • A misguided attempt to end the war

  19. A Changing War • Stalemate continues through 1917 • Russia withdraws and facing collapse and internal Revolution • Treaty of Brest-Litovsk with Germany March 1918 • Over 5.5 million Russian dead/wounded • Eastern European countries gain independence (Balkans)

  20. United States • Prez Wilson declared war April 2, 1917 • WHY? Because of… • Unrestricted German sub activity (Lusitania) • Cultural ties • Economic ties • War atrocities • Zimmerman Note – Mexico vs US? • “Total War” Lusitania May 7, 1915

  21. Other Things Happening… • 1918 Influenza Epidemic • Spanish Flu – world-wide • At least 50 million people died

  22. Other Things Happening… • Balfour Declaration • Asked for establishment of Palestinian state, separate from Israeli state • International Zionism • Britain would not allow • Israel/Palestine have historic ties to same land and still fight over it today

  23. Central Powers Slowly Defeated • Final German push stopped at Second Battle of the Marne • Germany surrendered and declared itself Weimar Republic • Armistice signed November 11, 1918 in a railroad car near Paris Remember this car!

  24. Wilson’s 14 Points – Peace Plan • Wilson’s 14 Points – peace plan • Wanted Self-determination • Britain and France wanted harsh punishment for Germany • Compromised with the Treaty of Versailles – June 28, 1919 • Very hard on Germany – See Hitler, Adolf

  25. Treaty of Versailles • German Territorial Losses • new countries (Map) • German Military Restrictions • War Reparations - $$ • War Guilt Clause (MOST DAMAGING) • League of Nations

  26. League of Nations • U.S. did not join • Failure: examples • Japanese into Manchuria • Italy into Ethiopia and Greece • Hitler - EVERYWHERE

  27. Results of Treaty of Versailles • No country happy with Treaty • Did not build a lasting peace • Created more animosity and hate • Ultimately led to WWII

  28. The Cost of World War I • 8.5 million soldiers died SEE CHART • 21 million wounded • Countless citizens + Flu • Farms, towns, and cities destroyed • $338 BILLION • How does Europe recover?

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