Before Reading_1_other results2

1. Before Reading_1_other results2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Directions: Try to do such kind of survey in different classes. Use the statistics you get to analyze their attitudes towards reading. Then report your results orally to the whole class. Your preferred places for recreational reading (multi-choices)

2. Before Reading_1_other results3 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Sources of books you read in the last 12 months

3. Before Reading_1_other results4 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading What type of books do you consume?

4. Before Reading_mortimer j adler Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Mortimer J. Adler Directions: Listen to the passage and finish the exercise. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Adler was an He got his Ph.D. from He taught in University of Chicago from He organized an adult discussion group program in He edited Great Books of the Western World in He became director of planning for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica in ________________. educator and writer Columbia University ________________. 1930 until 1952 ________________. ________. 1946 ________. 1952 ________. 1969

5. Before Reading_mortimer j adler2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading M. J. Adler (1902~2001) is an American educator and writer. Born in New York City and graduated from Columbia University (Ph. D., 1928), he taught philosophy and philosophy of law at the University of Chicago from 1930 until 1952, when he founded and became director of the Institute for Philosophical Research in San Francisco. With Robert Hutchins, Adler organized in 1946 an adult discussion group program centered on the “Great Books” of the past and edited Great Books of the Western World (54 volumes, 1952). Adler also edited the two-volume index and guide to the ideas in Great Books. In 1969 he became director of planning for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia Britannica which was published in 1974. ■

6. Before Reading_rembrandt Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Rembrandt Directions: Listen to the passage and fill in the words that you hear. Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn was born into an that was conducive to . After years of war and upheaval （动乱), life in the United Provinces of the Netherlands was renowned for its tranquility (宁静). Rembrandt’s father was a miller and his mother was the daughter of a baker. The van Rijns were Calvinists. In the year of the artist’s birth, Leiden, his hometown, was known as one of intellectual and artistic centers in the country. __________ atmosphere ________ creativity prosperous _________ __________ principal ■

7. Before Reading_rembrandt2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading

8. Before Reading_India_ National Flag Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading John Deway (1859~1952), American philosopher and educator Achievement: His educational psychology and philosophy had a great influence on educational development.

9. Before Reading_India_ Robert maynard hutchins Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Robert Maynard Hutchins (1899~1977), American educator. Achievements: • Famous for his unconventional theories about higher education • President of the University of Chicago in 1929 at the age of 30 • Remained president until 1945 • Chairman of the board for the 15th edition of Encyclopaedia • Britannica published in 1974

10. Before Reading_India_ Mr.Vallee Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Mr. Vallee (1901~1986), American singer of popular music who enjoyed fame in the 1920’s

11. Before Reading_India_ Paradise lost Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading “Paradise Lost”: an epic poem by John Milton (1608~1674), first printed in 1667.

12. Before Reading_India_ Gone with the wind Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading “Gone with the Wind” • A romantic novel of Georgia during the American Civil War and Reconstruction • Written by the American author Margaret Mitchell • (1900~1949) • Published in 1936 • Awarded a Pulitzer Prize

13. Before Reading_India_ Warm-up Questions Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Warm-up Questions 1) What kind of books do you like? 2) How do you read a book? 3) Do you have any suggestions on how to become an efficient reader?

14. Article_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading “Don’t ever mark in a book!” Thousands of teachers, librarians and parents have so advised. But Mortimer Adler disagrees. He thinks so long as you own the book and needn’t preserve its physical appearance, marking it properly will grant you the ownership of the book in the true sense of the word and make it a part of yourself.

15. Article1_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading How to Mark a Book Mortimer J. Adler You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to “write between the lines.” Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. You shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.

16. Article2_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

17. Article3_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched.(This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

18. Article4_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points.

19. Article5_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind”, doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep.

20. Article6_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading If, when you’ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably reads with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls “caviar factories” on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time.

21. Article7_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It’s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.

22. Article8_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you’ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.

23. Article9_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here’s the way I do it: 1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements. 2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined. 3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book. 4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a single argument. 5. Numbers of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together. 6. Circling of key words or phrases.

24. Article10_S Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raised in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author’s points in the order of their appearance. The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate. I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I’ve already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.

25. Article1_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading How to Mark a Book Mortimer J. Adler You know you have to read “between the lines” to get the most out of anything. I want to persuade you to do something equally important in the course of your reading. I want to persuade you to “write between the lines.” Unless you do, you are not likely to do the most efficient kind of reading. You shouldn’t mark up a book which isn’t yours. Librarians (or your friends) who lend you books expect you to keep them clean, and you should. If you decide that I am right about the usefulness of marking books, you will have to buy them.

26. Article2_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good.

27. Article3_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched. (This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.) The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.)

28. Article4_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points.

29. Article6_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading If, when you’ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably reads with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls “caviar factories” on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time.

30. Article7_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It’s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off.

31. Article8_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you’ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author.

32. Article9_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading There are all kinds of devices for marking a book intelligently and fruitfully. Here’s the way I do it: 1. Underlining: of major points, of important or forceful statements. 2. Vertical lines at the margin: to emphasize a statement already underlined. 3. Star, asterisk, or other doo-dad at the margin: to be used sparingly, to emphasize the ten or twenty most important statements in the book. 4. Numbers in the margin: to indicate the sequence of points the author makes in developing a single argument. 5. Numbers of other pages in the margin: to indicate where else in the book the author made points relevant to the point marked; to tie up the ideas in a book, which, though they may be separated by many pages, belong together. 6. Circling of key words or phrases.

33. Article9_w Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 7. Writing in the margin, or at the top or bottom of the page, for the sake of: recording questions (and perhaps answers) which a passage raised in your mind; reducing a complicated discussion to a simple statement; recording the sequence of major points right through the book. I use the end-papers at the back of the book to make a personal index of the author’s points in the order of their appearance. The front end-papers are, to me, the most important. Some people reserve them for a fancy bookplate. I reserve them for fancy thinking. After I have finished reading the book and making my personal index on the back end-papers, I turn to the front and try to outline the book, not page by page, or point by point (I’ve already done that at the back), but as an integrated structure, with a basic unity and an order of parts. This outline is, to me, the measure of my understanding of the work.

34. Article1_S_1 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading What does the author imply in these sentences? There are two ways in which one can own a book. The first is the property right you establish by paying for it, just as you pay for clothes and furniture. But this act of purchase is only the prelude to possession. Full ownership comes only when you have made it a part of yourself, and the best way to make yourself a part of it is by writing in it. An illustration may make the point clear. You buy a beefsteak and transfer it from the butcher’s icebox to your own. But you do not own the beefsteak in the most important sense until you consume it and get it into your bloodstream. I am arguing that books, too, must be absorbed in your bloodstream to do you any good. If one buys a book, he or she becomes its owner. In other words, one has established the property right over the book by paying for it. But the author proposes a second meaning. That is what he calls “full” ownership. Buying a book is not enough to “fully” own it. One has to read it and digest it to make it one’s own.

35. Article2_S_2 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. How do you understand the two words “unread, untouched” after the dash? There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched.(This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.)The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) 破折号后的unread, untouched是all the standard sets and best sellers的同位语，进一步解释说明前面的名词词组。可把它理解为which are unread and untouched, 即定语从句的缩略，也可理解为all of them unread, untouched，即独立结构作同位语的缩略。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 第一种人拥有全部标准成套书和畅销书——既没读过，也没摸过。

36. Article3_S_3 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading What can you infer from this sentence? There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched.(This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.)The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) This person owns only the materials the books are made from, not the ideas they contain. This person just owns the physical aspect of books.

37. Article3_S_4 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. What are the functions of those words after the dash? What does the author use them for? There are three kinds of book owners. The first has all the standard sets and best-sellers — unread, untouched.(This individual owns wood pulp and ink, not books.)The second has a great many books — a few of them read through, most of them dipped into, but all of them as clean and shiny as the day they were bought. (This person would probably like to make books his own, but is restrained by a false respect for their physical appearance.) The third has a few books or many — every one of them dog-eared and dilapidated, shaken and loosened by continual use, marked and scribbled in from front to back. (This man owns books.) 该句破折号后是三个并列的独立结构，修饰前面的名词词组 a great many books, 对其作进一步的解释，是该名词词组的同位语。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 第二种人拥有很多书籍——有几本从头至尾读过，大部分浅尝辄止，但全都和新买时一样整洁光亮。

38. Article4_S_5 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Analyze the structure of the sentence. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points. No more … than是这句的基本结构。no more … than 意味两者都是否定，重点往往在前一分句。如：I can no more play bridge than you。 no more than 不过是，仅仅是。用在名词或数词前，在句中起形容词作用。如：This is no more than a joke. “a first edition of”, 注意用的是a不是the，指第一版中的一本；Paradise Lost 是英国17世纪著名大诗人弥尔顿所著的一部史诗，具有极高的艺术价值，其第一版自然也很珍贵。original 这里指“原画”，非复制品，是荷兰17世纪的大画家Rembrant (伦勃朗)，其作品具有极高的价值。这里用人名代替作品，是英文中常见的用法。 2. Paraphrase this sentence. I wouldn’t write carelessly on the pages of a first edition of “Paradise Lost”, just as I wouldn’t give my baby a set of crayons and an original painting by Rembrandt.

39. Article4_S_6 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Paraphrase this sentence. Is it false respect, you may ask, to preserve intact a beautifully printed book, an elegantly bound edition? Of course not. I’d no more scribble all over a first edition of “Paradise Lost” than I’d give my baby a set of crayons and an original Rembrandt! I wouldn’t mark up a painting or a statue. Its soul, so to speak, is inseparable from its body. And the beauty of a rare edition or of a richly manufactured volume is like that of a painting or a statue. If your respect for magnificent binding or printing gets in the way, buy yourself a cheap edition and pay your respects to the author. Why is marking up a book indispensable to reading? First, it keeps you awake. (And I don’t mean merely conscious; I mean wide awake.) In the second place, reading, if it is active, is thinking, and thinking tends to express itself in words, spoken or written. The marked book is usually the thought-through book. Finally, writing helps you remember the thoughts you had, or the thoughts the author expressed. Let me develop these three points. If the excellent binding or style of printing of the book makes you hesitate to mark on it, buy yourself a cheap edition of it and try to understand the author’s ideas by any means including marking the book. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 如果你对华美的装帧或印刷的尊重妨碍你读书，那么就买种便宜的版本，将你的敬意献给作者。

40. Article5_S_7 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. How to understand this sentence? If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind,” doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep. If you move your eyes very quickly across the lines of a book, you can’t get an understanding of what you have read. NB: 特别注意 “not … and …”的结构，意为：“如果……就不……”，例如： You cannot eat your cake and have it. You can’t sell the cow and drink the milk. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 仅仅让你的眼睛在书上扫视一遍，你不可能对所读的内容有所理解。

41. Article5_S_8 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Why does the author put “that” at the beginning of this sentence? If reading is to accomplish anything more than passing time, it must be active. You can’t let your eyes glide across the lines of a book and come up with an understanding of what you have read. Now an ordinary piece of light fiction, like, say, “Gone with the Wind,” doesn’t require the most active kind of reading. The books you read for pleasure can be read in a state of relaxation, and nothing is lost. But a great book, rich in ideas and beauty, a book that raises and tries to answer great fundamental questions, demands the most active reading of which you are capable. You don’t absorb the ideas of John Dewey the way you absorb the crooning of Mr. Vallee. You have to reach for them. That you cannot do while you’re asleep. He just wants to emphasize the object “that”. 2. What is the normal order of this sentence? You cannot do that while you are asleep.

42. Article6_S_9 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. What is the meaning of the word “invariably”? If, when you’ve finished reading a book, the pages are filled with your notes, you know that you read actively. The most famous active reader of great books I know is President Hutchins, of the University of Chicago. He also has the hardest schedule of business activities of any man I know. He invariably reads with a pencil, and sometimes, when he picks up a book and pencil in the evening, he finds himself, instead of making intelligent notes, drawing what he calls “caviar factories” on the margins. When that happens, he puts the book down. He knows he’s too tired to read, and he’s just wasting time. Invariably由vary 派生来，意思是 always, without exception。 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 他读书时总是拿着一只铅笔，有时，当他在傍晚拿起书和笔，他发现自己不是在做有意义的笔记，而是在书页空白处画他称为“鱼子酱工厂”的图画。

43. Article7_S_10 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading Analyze the structure of the sentence. But, you may ask, why is writing necessary? Well, the physical act of writing, with your own hand, brings words and sentences more sharply before your mind and preserves them better in your memory. To set down your reaction to important words and sentences you have read, and the questions they have raised in your mind, is to preserve those reactions and sharpen those questions. You can pick up the book the following week or year, and there are all your points of agreement, disagreement, doubt and inquiry. It’s like resuming an interrupted conversation with the advantage of being able to pick up where you left off. 本句虽然非常长，却是一个简单的系表结构。To do sth. and to do sth. is to do sth.and to do sth.两个不定式并列作主语，两个不定式并列作表语，sharpen前省去了 to，you have read是定语从句，前面省去了that (which)，做important words and sentences的定语。同样的，they have raised in your mind也是一个定语从句，修饰questions。They指代important words and sentences。

44. Article8_S_11 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Paraphrase the sentence. And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you’ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author. Possibly the author has more knowledge about a certain subject than you do. So as it might be expected, when you begin to read his book, you will show your appropriate modesty to him. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 很可能作者在有关的问题上比你懂得多，你在接近他的时候表示适当的谦恭是很自然的。

45. Article8_S_12 Before Reading Global Reading Detailed Reading After Reading 1. Why is “understanding” a two-way operation? And that is exactly what reading a book should be: a conversation between you and the author. Presumably he knows more about the subject than you do; naturally you’ll have the proper humility as you approach him. But don’t let anybody tell you that a reader is supposed to be solely on the receiving end. Understanding is a two-way operation; learning doesn’t consist in being an empty receptacle. The learner has to question himself and question the teacher. He even has to argue with the teacher, once he understands what the teacher is saying. And marking a book is literally an expression of your differences, or agreements of opinion, with the author. Learning is a process in which one not only gets something, but also gives something. If you just receive things like an empty container, you can never get any real learning. The learner may agree, disagree or even argue with the author or the teacher for a particular idea. 2. Translate the sentence into Chinese. 理解是一种双向活动。学习并不是往空的容器中装东西，学生应当向自己也向老师提问题。