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Users and Documents

Free Powerpoint Templates

• Server Users and Directories
• Server Administrators
• Document Hierarchy
• Directory Indexing
• File and Directory Names
• Transferring Files

• A server connected to the Internet will be useful to others on the Net only if it provides some services.
• Common Services
• HTTP
• SMTP email
• telnet
• FTP

• Web server responsibilities
• Provide access to HTML documents from the server
• Will enable a single directory for publishing Web documents
• Any files put in this directory or any subdirectories will be available via a browser- Document Root Directory

• Generally has accounts for any local users that need to do things on it
• Are actually people doing work on the server
• Task is to update and edit Web pages
• A user account consists of a
• Usernames
• password

• Once you log into a server with your username and password, you typically start in your home directory
• Profile scripts/login scripts
• Scripts that run when you log in to customize your environment

• Duties of System Administrator
• Install and configure server OS
• Set up daemons/services (UNIX/NT)
• Install and configure web server
• Keep server software up to date
• Patches (UNIX)
• Service packs (NT)

• Backup and recovery
• To disk or tape
• Full and incremental backups
• Accounts and quotas
• Maintain users and their accounts
• Decide level of resources for users
• Network software configuration
• Monitoring security

• Servers
• Web server is a program that, using the client/server model and the World Wide Web's Hypertext Transfer Protocol ( HTTP ), serves the files that form Web pages to Web users (whose computers contain HTTP clients that forward their requests).
• Daemons
• A daemon is a type of program on Unix-like operating systems that runs unobtrusively in the background, rather than under the direct control of a user, waiting to be activated by the occurrence of a specific event or condition

• Another duty of the system administrator is to keep the server software up to date
• Patches are often released for UNIX systems that fix bugs and security problems and provide other enhancement

• A good system administrator
• Ensure that everything on the serve is being backed up regularly
• Backups should occur regularly and automatically

• The system administrator also needs to maintain user accounts
• Involves:
• in creating accounts for new users
• deleting accounts of users that no longer need access
• Maintaining the integrity of user accounts

• Installing and upgrading hardware and software
• Network configuration (changing IP address, etc)
• Configuration testing
• Monitoring system security and availability
• Analyzing log files

• The files and directories on your server are organized in a file system.
• File system determines:
• Where files are stored on a computer’s hard drive
• How many letters a filename can contain
• The security of files stored on the computer

• Goal – to provide a means to store and retrieve files
• FAT doesn’t support long filename
• Used naming convention called 8.3 naming convention
• Must be at most 8 characters with an optional 3-character suffix naming convention

• Some OS, such as Windows, support the notion of drive letters
• Eg. C:\,
• UNIX doesn’t support drive letters, it is a strict hierarchy
• Eg. Start with /

• Directory
• A special file on the file system
• Stores other files
• Called folders on some OS
• Subdirectory
• A directory within another directory
• All directories created under the root directory
• Root directory
• Uppermost folder, used to store all the files on the file system

Path

• To a file is a list of all the parent directories above it
• Pathname
• A name representing a path
• Typically the directory name separated by slashes (/) or backslashes (\)

Absolute pathname

• A description of a file or directory based off the root directory
• /usr/local/httpd/htdocs
• Relative pathname
• Is used to reference files based on the current directory
• Cd/usr/local/httpd
• Cd htdocs

• Describe how to find a web resource

http://www.vortexwidgets.com/support/industrial.html

Servername:www.vortexwidgets.com

Path: support

Filename: industrial.html

• Use relative URLs in your own web pages
• Make it easy to move to another directory

• Many times while surfing the Web, you have probably requested a URL without actually specifying a filename
• By typing in only the name of a site, you are not actually specifying a file to retrieve
• The server determines what file to retrieve based on directory indexes.

• If no file name in a URL:
• Directory browsing enabled
• If index document, return default document
• Otherwise return list of files
• Directory browsing disabled
• If index document, return default document
• Otherwise return nothing

• Several options are available when choosing how your Web server views directories
• No directory browsing permitted
• Directory browsing permitted, but no default documents enables
• Indexes enabled

• Good file names
• Make your site easier to maintain
• Easier to navigate
• Help to develop the site
• Two of the important things to remember:
• Develop a layout for your directories
• To create a naming scheme for files

• Don’t’ use spaces in names
• Use underscores (_) or dash (-) instead
• Don’t use special characters
• %#@$?&
• Keep filenames short but descriptive
• Use a standard naming convention

• Use consistent filename extensions
• .html , .gif
• Don’t use extensions with directory names
• Use lowercase letters in all filenames
• UNIX is case sensitive
• Windows is (mostly)not case sensitive

• If you’re lucky enough to be local to your Web server, transferring files may seem like a trivial task
• Copying files may used either floppy disk, zip drive, Hard drive, etc

• If your serve is on a local network, you might be able to mount the server’s drives or partitions on your client machines
• Windows – Microsoft Windows Networking
• UNIX – Network File System

• Popular method of accessing files on the Internet
• Provides a standard, error-free way to transfer files to and from different machines on a network
• Are supported on most OS
• FTP servers require a username and password for log in

• HTTP has a PUT method for sending files to a Web Server
• The PUT method is similar to the more widely used POST method
• But while POST is used to send data and queries to the server, PUT is used exclusively for sending files.

• An easy to use HTML editor
• Best feature is its seamless integration with the Web Server
• Synchronisation between development PC and web server
• BUT
• Not all ISPs support this type of usage
• Works best with Microsoft web server
• Proprietary

• Allowing users to save HTML files their local drives
• Its real power, however, is when it is used with a server that supports FrontPage Extensions
• Are a group of files and CGI programs that are added to the Web server
• Allow the FrontPage client to connect to the server and take a snapshot of a Web site.
• Allow client to modify Web pages on the server
• Provide authentication

-The End-