1 / 10

Tocen Economies

Tocen Economies. Modifikasi Perilaku. Pengertian. Token: tanda A program in which a group of individuals can earn tokens for a variety of desirable behaviors Dapat ditukar dengan barang atau benda Prosedur perubahan perilaku yang dilakukan oleh lingkungan

devika
Download Presentation

Tocen Economies

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Tocen Economies Modifikasi Perilaku

  2. Pengertian • Token: tanda • A program in which • a group of individuals can earn tokens for a variety of desirable behaviors • Dapat ditukar dengan barang atau benda • Prosedur perubahan perilaku yang dilakukan oleh lingkungan • mengatur hubungan perilaku dan konsekuensi • Memberi penguat atau hadiah tidak langsung

  3. Token Ekonomi • Advantages: • Dapat langsung diberikan sesudah suatu perilaku terjadi dan ditukarkan dengan benda bila waktu dan tempat memungkinkan • Lebih mudah diberikan pada saat individu berada dalam kelompok • Penerapan • pasien normal: menurunkan absen, anak nakal • RSJ: disable person • Narkoba • Meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat • Kedisiplinan orang-orang yang terlibat

  4. Setting up a Tocen Economies • Deciding on the Target Behaviors • Short-range & long-range objectives • Arrange the objectives in order of Priority • Select the most important • Taking Baseline • Selecting Backup Reinforcers • Selecting the Type of Tokens to Use: • Attractiveness, lighweight, portable, durable, easy to handle • Identifying Available Help • Choosing the Locations & Equipment • Decide on Specific Implementation Procedures • Prepare Token Economy Manual for the Clients and the Staff

  5. Base Line Data

  6. Selection Backup Reinforcers • Use reinforcers that are effective with the Population of interest • Premack Principle • Collect verbal information from the clients • Catalogues • Ask clients what they like to do when they have free-time • Natural reinforcers • Consider the ethics and legalities • Design an appropriate store to keep, display, dan dispense the backup reinforcers

  7. Specific Implementation Procedures • Data sheet: • what, who, how, and when • Reinforcement administration: • How it will be adminstered and for what behavior • Number of tokens that can be earned • Per behavior, per client, per day • Store procedures and the value of tokens • Punishment? • Only for clearly defined behaviors • Only when ethically justified • Plan for potential problems

  8. Penerapan Tocen Economy • Enurosis (Suci Murti Karini) • Dasar pikiran: • Perilaku terbentuk karena faktor lingkungan • Mengubah perilaku harus melibatkan lingkungan • Kartu diberikan bila muncul perilaku yang diharapkan dan perilaku lain yang mendukung • Diharapkan: tidak ngompol • Pendukung: mau kencing sebelum tidur, bangun untuk kencing di kamar mandi

  9. Beberapa Catatan dalam Penerapan Tocen Economy • Tocen Economy more effective than active milleu treatment tapi tocen economy tidak banyak digunakan di RSJ • Approximately 1% pasien prikiatri diberi tocen economy therapy (Boudewyns, Fry, and Nightingale, 1986) • Penyebab: • Resistensi petugas • Tidak cukup banyak petugas yang bersedia mencatat perilaku yang diharapkan • Store backup reinforcers tidak mendukung

  10. Latihan untuk Mahasiswa • Pilih subjek: • Murid sekolah dasar • Mahasiswa • Disabled persons • Identified five plausable goals for a tocen economy • Define precisely the target behavior related to each of the five goals • Describe a number of things you might do to identify backup reinforcers for the group of individuals you chose

More Related