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Understanding the US Educational System: Overview, Types, and Governance

This detailed March 2008 report provides an in-depth look at the US educational system, including public and private schools, state and federal funding, federal intervention, graduation rates, higher education institutions, tuition costs, governance issues, and more.

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Understanding the US Educational System: Overview, Types, and Governance

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  1. Overview of US Educational System Mortenson Center March 2008

  2. Educational System Types • Public – Funded by state and federal • Parents may pay some portion • Private • Religious • Independent • Other • Parents will pay for a larger portion

  3. Who is in control? • Local School Districts • Local taxes • Local board • Parental involvement • State Overview • Set standards for state • Certification for teachers and librarians • State funding • State testing • Federal Intervention • Overarching issues such as desegregation • Federal Funding

  4. Example of Federal Involvement • No Child Left Behind Act • Standards based education reform (outcome-based) • Increases accountability for primary and secondary schools by testing students • Gives parents more flexibility in choosing schools • All teachers must be highly qualified (state certification, bachelor’s degree, demonstrated subject matter). • States wanting federal funding must comply with this Act • Criticism • Manipulating the system • problems with standardized testing • Narrow curriculum • Limitations on local control

  5. Educational System • Most states require kindergarten • Pre-school (not always funded) 3-5 -1 teacher • Kindergarten 5 - 1 teacher • Elementary 5 – 10 – 1 teacher • Junior High or Middle School 11-13 – team tea. • High School • Freshman 14 – several teachers • Sophomores 15 – several teachers • Juniors 16 – several teachers - choice • Seniors 17 – several teachers - choice

  6. Educational Statistics • U.S. Graduation rate is about 71% • Whites 78% • African-Americans 56% • Latinos 54% • 64% of graduates go on to college

  7. After High School • Community or Junior Colleges 2 years • College 4 years or more (smaller) • University 4 years or more (research focus) • Universities can have colleges • Graduate School • Doctorate or Post-Doctorate Program

  8. Private vs. Public Institutions • University of Illinois 2008 tuition $11,216 • Public universities: bigger classes, less contact with the faculty, more research opportunities, prestige • Illinois Wesleyan College 2008 tuition $30,580 • Private universities: smaller classes, good contact with faculty, prestige

  9. State of Illinois • Table 1 • State of Illinois General Tax Appropriations • (Percent Share of the Total)

  10. 2008 Budget for University • Total: $1,471 Billion • Revenues • Auxiliary enterprises, etc 27% • State and Federal Grants 21% • Tuition and fees 25% • State Funds 17% • Private grants and contracts 8.3%

  11. 2008 University Budget • Total: $34,345,077.00 • Salaries: about 52% • Collections: about 35% • Operations: about 11%

  12. Governance issues • University of Illinois has four campuses • Urbana-Champaign • Chicago • Springfield • Global Campus • The University Librarian is considered a dean and participates in campus-wide discussions with other deans • Librarians have faculty status, must qualify for tenure, other librarians are considered academic professionals

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