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ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies

ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies. Structure formation model. Prof. Juri Toomre TA: Nick Featherstone Lecture 30 Thur 3 May 07 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre. Ultimate Joys of Cosmology. Look at early “eras” involved with the big-bang beginning

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ASTR 1040 Accel Astro: Stars & Galaxies

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  1. ASTR 1040 Accel Astro:Stars & Galaxies Structure formation model Prof. Juri Toomre TA: Nick Featherstone Lecture 30 Thur 3 May 07 zeus.colorado.edu/astr1040-toomre

  2. Ultimate Joys of Cosmology • Look at early “eras” involved with the big-bangbeginning • Discuss development of large-scale structure in the universe • Review of cosmology concepts plus more in recitation tomorrow • Final Exam (comprehensive) here on Sat 5 May 1:30-4:00 pm (read rules on review sheet)

  3. This award, for the crib sheet that is The BestOrganized presented to Rebecca Mickol

  4. This award, for the crib sheet of The Most EfficiemtPage Painter Is presented to Katherine Amestoy

  5. This award, for the crib sheet that is TheMostCompact but Legible Is presented to Sarah Hampton

  6. Evolution of Universe 1 billion years 380,000 years 3 minutes

  7. Models of universe – and its fates SIZE OPEN CRITICAL (FLAT) CLOSED NOW TIME

  8. Conjecture: An unknown force at large scales begins to counteract pull of gravity “Dark energy” – outweighs every other form of mass/energy 73% How can universe be accelerating?? Baryons: 4.4%Cold Dark Matter: 23% , with a FLAT universe and early inflation

  9. With alarming new ideas like inflation and dark energy …. No doubt Einstein would have been concerned – maybe even troubled!

  10. Grand unified theories of physics predict that the very early universe (10-32 seconds after the start) may have had a phase transition, releasing energy and causing: A. The universe to vastly expand (‘inflation”) B. Tiny fluctuations predicted by quantum mechanics to expand large enough to contribute to the fluctuations we see in the cosmic background radiation now C. Any curvature of space to be reduced D. All of the above D.

  11. Some say the world will end in fire Some say with ice From what I’ve tasted of desire I hold with those who favor fire But if I had to perish twice I think I know enough of hate To say that for destruction ice Is also great And would suffice -- Robert Frost National Poet Laureat

  12. Now turn to the VERY Beginning

  13. Big bang idea COSMIC FIREBALL George GAMOW (1948) Oops ! Pure HELIUM

  14. Making helium in first 3 minutes JUST DO NOT MAKE EVERYTHING INTO HELIUM !

  15. HOT Big Bang did the trick!

  16. Matter and Anti-matter • Protons slightly outnumber anti-protons • At end of particle era, universe contains some matter! • Universe ratio today: 1 billion photons(light) 1 leftover proton (matter)

  17. H and He ratio after 3 minutes

  18. During first 3 minutes Making the elements How much DEUTERIUM made depends on density of ordinary matter (baryons)

  19. Sensitivity in making the light elements

  20. After first 3 minutes RADIATION ERA --> 380,000 yr MATTER ERA

  21. Era of Atoms After “recombination”: • Finally cool enough for electrons to combine with nuclei to form atoms (380,000 yrs) • Photons now “decoupled” = free to become CMB of future • Universe becomes transparent to light

  22. What is Olber’s paradox? D. A. If the universe was infinite, any direction you looked you would eventually see a star B. If the universe was infinitely old, the starlight would have time to get here C. The sky should look bright at night–because all directions would have starlight D. All of the above

  23. Era of Atoms and Galaxies • About 1 billion years after Big Bang, first stars and galaxies start to form ( Z = 10 ?)

  24. Forming first stars and galaxies SIMULATIONS

  25. Simulating large-scale structure COLD DARK MATTER GALAXY CLUSTERING

  26. Forming filaments in cosmic fabric Kravtsov

  27. Evolve and rotate viewing

  28. Co-moving frame in overview

  29. Simulation: Dark matter structure now 140 M ly across

  30. Dark matter cosmic web

  31. Forming galaxy clusters

  32. Web of 3 million real galaxies in sky ~ 30 degress across

  33. Galaxy clustering in ever deeper surveys

  34. Galaxies are always moving:“Hubble flow” + respond to local clustering Milky Way at center is moving toward Virgo cluster, then Coma supercluster 600 M ly across

  35. The Big Mysteries • What will be the fate of the universe ? • What is the universe made of ? • What is the dark matter ? • Is the theory of inflation correct ? • What is the dark energy ? • Which of this, if any, should we believe? Science is not about belief, it’s about exploration…

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