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Cell Structure

Uncover the intricate components and functions of cells, the fundamental units of life that compose all living beings. Learn about the essential organelles, common to both animal and plant cells, and the processes vital for sustaining life.

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Cell Structure

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  1. Cell Structure

  2. Functions of Cells

  3. What are cells? • Cell: the basic unit of _______ and _______ of life. In other words, cells make up living things and carry out activities that keep a living thing alive. • Your body is made up of ___________ cells which carry out the processes needed for life

  4. Main Cell Components • ______________(chromosomes) • Contain the substance that has the instructions for cell activity (________) • ___________ fills the interior of cell – Liquid • Contains organelles, sugars, amino acids • ________________ encloses the cell – It is like the cell's skin

  5. Animal Cell

  6. Plant Cell

  7. Structures common to plant and animal cells(Organelles – Small Organs) • Cytoplasm • Cell Membrane • Nucleus • Mitochondria • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) • Golgi Bodies • Vacuoles

  8. Cytoplasm • Gel-like ____________ which holds all the cell ______________ together • Made mostly of ___________ • The place where many _________________ occur

  9. Cell Membrane • The flexible _____________ “skin” of the cell • ______________ the cell and holds its components together • It also allows the movement of __________ molecules into and out of the cell (water, oxygen but not ______) - "__________"

  10. Nucleus – The Brain • Controls all cell activities • Contains the genetic material (DNA) which is stored on ________________ • DNA – ___________________ • Usually one nucleus per cell, some cells have several nuclei (________) while other have none (Red Blood Cell) • __________ in shape

  11. Chromosomes • DNA of eukaryotes is divided into ________ chromosomes. • Contains all the _________ needed for life (________) • Humans have ______ = 46 total, half from the mother and half from the father

  12. Mitochondria • "Powerhouse of the cell" – Uses _______ to provide cells with _________ (Cellular Respiration) • Glucose + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy • Cells that use a lot of energy have more (_______ cells); fat cells have one or two • Structure- ______ and _______ membranes

  13. Endoplasmic Reticulum • Network of __________________ which transport cellular substances through the cell • Important in several types of cell (brain-________; muscles – _______________)

  14. Golgi Bodies • Collect and _______ materials to be removed from the cell • Create and secrete _________ which is used as lining for the __________ and _________

  15. Vacuoles • _________ vacuoles are found in ________ while ________ have _________ vacuoles • Contain unwanted substances for ________ • Important in maintaining _______________ (Plants)

  16. Plant Cells ONLY! • ________________ • _______________ • ______________

  17. Chloroplasts • Chloroplasts are larger and more complex than _______________ • Contain ___________ which gives plants their green colour; also allows them to _________ which is used to produce ________ in the process of ____________

  18. Photosynthesis • Process that takes place in the Chloroplasts of ____________________ Carbon Dioxide + Water + Light Energy  Glucose (Sugar) + Oxygen

  19. Chloroplasts and Mitochondria • In ____cells, photosynthesis produces _________ (sugar) • The sugar is then used within the _____________ (cellular respiration) of both ________ and _________ • How do the animals obtain the glucose?

  20. Vacuole • _____ cells usually have one ____ vacuole • Maintains the cells pressure  keeps the ________ and ________ firm • Can be used for _________ of wastes to be removed

  21. Cell Wall • It is found _______ the cell __________ in plant cells • Hard structure made of _____________ (polysaccharide-a type of carbohydrates) • Provides _________ and __________

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